从"两善对峙" 到 "善恶斗争" : 黑格尔悲剧冲突论述评

本文讨论黑格尔的悲剧 "冲突论" 如何为文学和艺术评论提供了一个新的视角和关注点。在他之前，戏剧诠释受到 亚里士多德 《 诗学 》的影响，沉迷于人物性格分析，忽略作品的整体构思以及作品与外部历史之间的宏观联系 。然而，黑格尔的"冲突论"不无缺陷。除了几乎被学界抛弃的 "和解说" 以外，黑格尔对冲突的理解过于狭隘。"两善对峙" 的戏剧情景确实令人揪心，但这远不是悲剧冲突的全部。我们有必要对黑格尔的理论加以改造 ，使之囊括发生在善与恶之间的斗争。只有一个全面的冲突理论，才能更加有效地解释古今中外的悲剧文本。

This article discussed the unique contribution of Hegel's theory of conflict to dramatic criticism. Before Hegel's time, most critics were overly influenced by Aristotle's Poetics in the sense that they were too preoccupied with analyzing the psychological make-up of the tragic protagonist, oftentimes at the cost of neglecting the overall structure of a play and its broad relationship with history. Nevertheless, Hegel's theory of tragic conflict is plagued by many problems of its own. Apart from its related "theory of reconciliation" which has been largely rejected by subsequent theorizations of tragedy. Hegel's theory of conflict seems too narrow to be applicable to most tragic texts. This calls for a radical transformation of Hegel's theory so that it can also accommodate the "struggle between good and evil". Only with the help of a more comprehensive theory of conflict can we better explain the innumerable struggles of good and bad that often occur in tragic works.