全球一體化和雙文化對研究華人心理的啟示

隨著中國逐漸成為世界目光聚集的焦點，有關各地華人的心理研究在國際上日益受到重視。和歐美白人的心理研究相比，華人的心理研究更重視文化對心理的影響。這股濃厚的文化取向，對文化、社會、語言、性格和其它心理學領域，貢獻良多，卻低估了西方文化對華人的影響。至今，很多以大學生為對象的研究，偏重於傳統中華文化而非中西雙文化的影響。隨着全球一體化，雙文化的影響將不斷擴大， 心理研究也該相應地引入雙文化的理論和方法。本文以華人「雙重自我概念」的研究為例，討論如何運用實驗的方法捕捉中西雙文化對行為的影響，探討文化與腦部神經運作的關係，將文化、自我概念和腦部神經的研究結合起來，去暸解在全球一 體化下「何謂華人」的現代意義。

As China is becoming a focus of world-wide attention, psychological research on ethnic Chinese is attracting greater international recognition. These psychological studies, compared to those on white Euro-Americans, emphasize more the influence of culture, and have made significant contributions in cultural, social, psycholinguistic and personality psychology. The influence of Western culture, however, has not been duly incorporated in theory or fully acknowledged in the interpretation of research findings. This is a serious short-coming as many of the studies are based on university students affected by both Western and Chinese cultures. The bicultural influence will spread as globalization intensifies. It is timely for research to shift from a mono- to a bicultural (or multicultural) paradigm. The present paper illustrates the shift with studies on the bicultural self-concept, which bring in a new bicultural perspective and use experimental culture primes for testing the causal effects of Chinese and Western cultures. Extending from these studies, other experiments have attempted to identify the neural substrates of biculturalism in the brain. Such studies have the potential of integrating culture, self, and the brain in theones for understanding what it means to be a Chinese in the modem world of increasing globalization.