「六七暴動」前後香港的左派文藝刊物 : 以《海光文藝》、《文藝世紀》、《青年樂園》為中心的研究

本論文通過香港出版的左派文藝期刊探討「六七暴動」前後左派文化界的調整或異動。有別於過往將左派視作一個整體的論述或研究，本論文選取三份分屬香港左派出版界、北京僑委中國通訊社、廣州在港地下組織的左派文藝期刊────《海光文藝》、《文藝世紀》、《青年樂園》，考察它們在「六七暴動」前後的不同變化，說明中共如何透過不同權力中介（Agents）的在地文化刊物，執行不同的目標和任務，藉此展現香港左派文化活動的複雜性。

本論文分為六章：第一章綜述相關的研究情況，說明研究目的和範圍，提出研究角度和方法。第二章論述面向本地高級知識分子的香港出版界刊物《海光文藝》的有關情況，重點分析刊物的特色和轉變等，與所屬機構及編輯的「統戰」意識之關係。第三章討論主要面向「南洋」讀者的北京「僑委」刊物《文藝世紀》的有關情況，分析刊物的內容特色、轉變等，與刊物作為「僑委」轄下「中國通訊社」香港分社刊物的關係。第四、第五章討論主要面向本地青年的廣州在港地下組織刊物《青年樂園》之有關情況。因為它在三份刊物中出版期數最多（607期）、在青少年之中影響力最大、與「六七暴動」的關係最深，所以需要較大篇幅來處理。第四章介紹《青年樂園》在「六七暴動」前的整體特色和面貌，比較刊物與《中國學生周報》的異同，分析刊物如何逐漸成為五六十年代最受歡迎的青少年刊物之一。第五章考察《青年樂園》在大陸文革蔓延香港之際，如何自覺或不自覺地，逐漸沾染不同程度的紅色革命思潮，違反刊物堅守多年的非政治化的「灰色」政策，以致最終被港英政府查封。第六章綜合比對並分析三份面向不同對象、分屬不同左派機構的刊物之異同及宏觀的組織制約因素，說明左派文化場域內部不同的分工與非單一化的面貌。由於不同的在地文化刊物實際所屬的左派權力中介機構的位置和權力大小的不同，尤其是大陸文革的爆發、香港「六七暴動」的發生，所有的左派權力中介都受到了不同程度的衝擊，故論文也會考察相關的權力中介機構在五六十年代的政治環境和社會氛圍中，與中共當局的權力支配關係，從而深入理解香港左派文化界。

This thesis looks into the leftist literary periodicals published in Hong Kong with an aim to investigate the adjustment and alterations undertaken by the “Leftist Cultural Circle” around the period of the “1967 Riots”. It presents a selection of three leftist literary periodicals, namely Haiguang wenyi ‘Hai Kwang Literature’, Wenyi shiji ‘Literature Century’ and Qingnian leyuan ‘Youths’ Garden’, which respectively belonged to the leftist publisher in Hong Kong, the China News Agency of the Overseas Chinese Commission in Beijing and the underground organisation in operation in Hong Kong from the base in Guangzhou. Unlike previous studies which depicted or studied the “Left” as if it were a single body, this thesis addresses the varying changes as observed in these three periodicals before and after the riots in 1967 and argues that the Communist Party of China(CCP)made use of the local cultural publications by different agents of the power structure to serve different goals and missions. It is thus an attempt to reveal the complexity of the leftist cultural practice in Hong Kong.

This thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter One gives an overview of the relevant research and sets forth the research objectives and scope as well as the perspectives and methodology. Chapter Two discusses Haiguang wenyi, a periodical published in Hong Kong targeting the local high intellectuals, and in particular analyses such elements as its features and changes in relation to the “United Front” strategies adopted by its affiliated organisation and editors. Chapter Three discusses Wenyi shiji, a periodical of the Overseas Chinese Commission in Beijing targeting the readers in Southeast Asia or Nanyang ‘South Seas’, and it analyses the features and changes in relation to the Hong Kong Branch of the China News Agency, then a subsidiary of the Overseas Chinese Commission. Chapters Four and Five discuss Qingnian leyuan, a periodical of the Guangzhou-based underground organisation in operation in Hong Kong targeting the local teenagers. Among the three periodicals, this publication is discussed at a greater length because it has the largest number of issues(607 issues in total), the greatest influence on teenagers and also the deepest relationship with the 1967 Riots. In Chapter Four, it introduces the global and specific features of the said periodical, compares and contrasts it with Zhongguo xuesheng zhoubao ‘The Chinese Student Weekly’ and explains why it had gradually become one of the most popular teenage periodicals in the 1950s and 1960s. In Chapter Five, it probes into how Qingnian leyuan was, consciously or subconsciously, being tainted with the “red” revolutionary ideology when the Cultural Revolution of the mainland of China was sweeping into Hong Kong, so that it violated the apolitical “grey” policy it had upheld for years, which eventually led to the forcible sequestration by the British colonial administration of Hong Kong. Chapter Six uses an integrated approach to compare and analyse these three periodicals, which targeted different readerships and belonged to different leftist bodies, as well as the factors constraining them at the macroscopic, institutional level. It follows that there was a division of labour within the leftist cultural domain and homogeneity was absent. Different local cultural publications varied in terms of the position and amount of power assumed by the leftist power agents that they actually belonged to, especially when all leftist power agents were affected to varying degrees during the Cultural Revolution in the mainland and the 1967 Riots in Hong Kong. Therefore, this part takes into full consideration the power-control relationship between these power agents and the CCP authority, given the political environment and social atmosphere of the 50s and 60s. In so doing, an understanding of the leftist cultural circle in Hong Kong can be achieved.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.