利用红外线相机监测地表水对广西弄岗国家级自然保护区兽类分布的影响

广西弄岗国家级自然保护区属岩溶地貌，表土层薄，储水度低，地表水奇缺，动物可能因水源而改变其活动范围和规律。2006 年3 月—2007 年6 月和2010 年10 月—2011 年5 月，该实验利用红外线相机在兽类通往水源地之间，即兽径上 (如足迹和粪便) 进行兽类调查。共拍摄到兽类5 目12 科17 属19 种，包括国家一级保护动物黑叶猴 (Trachypithecus francoisi) 和熊猴 (Macaca assamensis)。物种累积曲线95%置信区间重迭，相似性分析和非度量多维标度显示两种微生境出没物种的差异较小，然而，差异物种占整体记录的42%，可见岩溶地区水资源极其珍贵。中、短期保护建议包括加强水源点的巡护、防止偷猎、限制滥抽地下水，以及考虑整合呈岛屿状的陇呼、弄岗及陇山地区, 以加强保护大面积生境的连贯性，并加速恢复山峰间已遭破坏的圆洼谷地的原生树林。

Surface water is a major limiting factor affecting animal activities in karst ecosystems. From March, 2006 to June, 2007 and from October, 2010 to May, 2011, infra-red camera traps were installed along animal trails and temporary rain pools in Nonggang National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China, to monitor mammal diversity and relative abundance. In total, 19 species from 17 genera, 12 families, and 5 orders were recorded, including two State Key Protection Class I species, the François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) and Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis). Although 42% of species only occurred in one of the microhabitats, differences in species assemblages between trails and pools were not significant. The results of our observation indicated that camera trapping was effective in monitoring medium to large sized mammals, and for recording illegal hunting. In addition, our results suggest that authorities should reinforce patrolling, especially at water pools during the dry season, and eradicate unsustainable extraction of underground water. Moreover, based on the advantages of large inhibited environments to animal species, especially to large predators, we also recommend connecting the three isolated sections of the reserve to promote species recovery and dispersal.