北宋太學蘇嘉案考釋

蘇嘉案發生於宋神宗（1067–1085在位）熙寧年間（1068–1077），當時太學學官顏復（1034–1090）出了一道與西漢末王莽（9–23在位）和唐代武則天（690–705在位）更改法制有關的策題。一名蘇嘉（?–1128後）的太學生在答卷中激烈批評這些前朝改革。學官大都認同蘇嘉的觀點，並把他的作品評為優等，但是宰相王安石（1021–1086）與一群支持新法的官員卻對學官的評核非常不滿，認為是太學教師縱容學生「非毀時政」。事實上，王安石不滿考生在回答策題中非毀時政早有前科。仁宗（1022–1063在位）嘉祐六年（1061），時任知制誥的王安石便因蘇轍（1039–1112）在制科考試中直言批評仁宗，拒絕為其撰寫授官的制文，事件最終在諫官楊畋（1007–1062）力議下才得以平息。十年後，太學生蘇嘉非毀時政的對策被學官評為優等，正好給王安石等宰執一次整頓太學教員的機會，此即北宋教育史上著名的蘇嘉案。本文擬通過分析與蘇嘉案相關的史料及人物，探討此案與熙寧年間教育改革的關係及其在北宋教育史和政治史上的重要性。

Su Jia (?–c. 1128), a student of the Imperial Academy in the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), wrote an examination essay in which he criticized the New Policies reforms initiated by Chief Councilor Wang Anshi (1021–1086). As the essay won high regards from the teachers at the Academy, Wang feared that students might be instigated to denounce the New Policies. He discharged more than half of the incumbent teachers, and, in turn, filled the vacancies with his own disciples and cronies. Together they helped to compile the New Classical Commentaries, a major publication that made it possible for Emperor Shenzong (r. 1067–1085) to accomplish his goal of a unified morality. This article provides an in-depth analysis of pertinent documentary sources as well as the people involved in the incident, explores the stark contrast in the court’s attitudes towards the Imperial Academy before and after the case, and brings to light the political significance of the Case of Su Jia.