口译的意识形态研究: 口译研究的拓展

近20年来，国内的口译行业经历了职业化发展过程，口译教学也经历了专业化发展过程。但同时，社会对口译的认识却愈加"工具化"，即视译员为语言转换的专业工具；口译教学的专业化强调以口译技巧训练为中心，实际上也在译员群体自身强化了这种"工具化"的认识。在上述背景下，有必要厘清口译的认识论，口译不仅仅是即时的双语加工和复杂的认知处理行为，而且是人际和跨语言文化的中介协调活动，还是一种在历史和现实中往往起到重要作用的社会—文化活动。口译研究在经历了以关注认知处理过程为中心的科学化发展阶段后，对口译作为人际和跨语言文化的中介协调活动和社会—文化活动的意识形态特质关注不够。本文从口译的多维认识论入手，初步建构口译意识形态研究的框架:揭示口译与意识形态的关系；梳理口译意识形态研究的对象；探索口译意识形态研究的方法，并分析典型的研究案例。

Against the background that interpreting is increasingly perceived only as a tool of language transfer following the professionalization of interpreting and its training in China in the past two decades, this article proceeds from the multi-dimensional epistemology of interpreting which argues that interpreting is not only a bilingual cognitive processing behaviour, but also an inter-personal and cross-cultural mediation activity and a socio-cultural activity. It points out the defect of interpreting studies in focusing on cognitive process(ing) while overlooking the dimensions of inter-personal and cross-cultural mediation and socio-cultural and ideological manipulation. After uncovering the covert relations between interpreting and ideologies, this article proposes a framework for exploring the ideological dimension in interpreting activities, which outlines the research themes and methods. Relevant examples are analysed in illustration of various themes and methods.