口译资格考试评分方法研究 : 兼及CATTI考试二十年回顾式分析

评分方法的确定是语言测试设计的关键。分析性评分法和整体评分法各具优缺点，在确定评分方法时，除需考虑欲测构念的理论界定，还需分析具体测试任务情景。尽管口译能力由多个成分构成，口译测试理论上应采用分析性评分法，但口译资格考试的任务情景不同于口译教学测试。通过分析其九大特性，并与两种评分方法的特点进行对照，本文认为，口译资格考试应当采用整体评分法。回顾式分析发现，我国的CATTI口译考试施考二十年来一直采用的是整体评分法。

The determination of scoring methods is critical to the design of a language test. Analytical scoring methods and holistic scoring methods each have their own advantages and disadvantages. When deciding on a scoring method, it is essential to consider not only the theoretical definition of the construct to be tested but also to analyze the specific testing task context. Interpreting competence is comprised of multiple components; therefore, theoretically, analytical scoring methods should be employed in interpreting tests. However, the testing context of interpreting accreditation examinations differs from that of assessments in interpreting training. By analyzing its nine major characteristics and contrasting them with the strengths and weaknesses of the two scoring methods, we contend that interpreting accreditation examinations should adopt the holistic scoring method. A retrospective analysis reveals that China' s CATTI test for interpreters has employed the holistic scoring method for the past twenty years.