基于功率与角频率偏差反馈补偿的构网型变流器暂态稳定性提升策略

采用虚拟同步机控制 (virtual synchronous generator, VSG)的构网型变流器 (grid-forming converter, GFM-C) 在故障穿越过程中易出现暂态失稳与频率波动，严重影响系统安全稳定运行。针对该问题，提出一种基于功率和角频率偏差反馈补偿的暂态稳定性提升策略。该方法结构简洁，补偿系数无需实时整定，能有效抑制故障期间GFM-C功角与频率的暂态波动，并适用于对称/不对称故障及限流运行等多种工况。首先从数学上证明了该策略在不同故障条件下均可确保系统存在可控的稳定平衡点；进一步基于非线性摄动理论，建立补偿系数对暂态功角的动态影响机制，并提出以最小化功角/频率波动为目标的参数设计准则；最后通过仿真和实验验证了所提策略的可行性，结果表明：相较于现有策略，所提策略使得GFM-C在故障穿越期间的功角/频率波动几乎为0，且在GFM-C硬件实验平台上能达到理想控制效果，确保了其在实际工程控制中的有效性。

Grid-forming converters (GFM-C) controlled by virtual synchronous generator (VSG) are prone to transient instability and frequency fluctuations during fault ride-through, severely compromising system security and stability. To address this issue, this paper proposes a transient stability enhancement strategy based on compensation for power and angular frequency deviation feedback. This method features a simple structure, requires no real-time tuning of compensation coefficients, and effectively suppresses the GFM-C’s transient fluctuations in power angle and frequency during faults. It is applicable to various operating conditions, including symmetrical/asymmetrical faults and current-limited operation. Firstly, this paper mathematically demonstrates that the strategy ensures the existence of a controllable stable equilibrium point under various fault conditions. Furthermore, based on nonlinear perturbation theory, it establishes the mechanism by which compensation coefficients influence power angle dynamics and proposes parameter design criteria to minimize power angle/frequency fluctuations. Finally, simulations and experiments validate the feasibility of the proposed strategy. Results demonstrate that compared to existing strategies, the proposed strategy minimizes GFM-C’s power angle/frequency fluctuations during fault ride-through. Ideal control performance is achieved on the GFM-C hardware experiment platform, confirming its effectiveness for practical engineering applications.