影響香港道德教育發展的思潮

背景:各種個人和社會問題主要來自個人各自的抉擇、社會慣例、和道德三方面的張力。 討論焦點:本文探索有關影響哲學、宗教、和現代化衰落的四個主義:絕對道德相對主義、簡化自然主 義、自主的個人主義、及自戀的享樂主義，跟道德教育有什麼關係，並檢視這四個主義對現今道德教育的推行和成效的阻礙。 總結:道德教育需要引導學生持守道德界限，適當排列各種道德價值的優先次序，識別目的和手段，重視個人和群體需要的合法性，清楚界定喜歡事物和好事物的分別，厭惡邪惡，喜愛良善，克制自己私慾。

Background: Different personal and social problems originate from the tensions of individual choice, social practices, and morality. Focus of discussion: This article explores the 4 philosophical thoughts (absolute moral relativism, reductive naturalism, autonomous individualism, narcissistic hedonism) that influence philosophy, religion, and the decline of modernity. How are they related with moral education? What are their hindrances to the effective implementation of moral education. Conclusion: Moral education needs to guide students to hold on the moral boundaries, to align properly the various moral values and priorities, to identify the ends and means, to emphasis the legitimacy of the needs of individual and the group, to distinguish between what is good and what they like, aversion to evil, like goodness, and to restrain self desires.