從族群分佈論早期中國的南北地理分界綫

一般認爲，上古三代的政治地理是以“夷夏東西”爲代表的東西格局，南北的分立是東漢以後的格局。但這只揭示了部分歷史事實。本文認爲在上古三代歷史上，由於自然地理的分隔，使得族群的分佈也大致呈現出南北分立的格局，只是隨着三代疆域不斷往南拓展，南北分界綫也有一個從北到南推移的過程，並且隱含在族群融合的表象之後，所以不容易被發現。本文從族群分佈和遷移的角度，結合考古研究的成果，討論了早期中國的南北地理分界綫，指出夏商之際至商周之際，最重要的南北分界綫是“南河—濟水”；西周至春秋逐漸往南推移，變成“衡山山脉”；戰國至西漢，楚人勢力深入長江以南，則又以楚人與苗人、越人的勢力消長而形成“雪峰山—五嶺—武夷山”的凹形分界綫。
<eng>It is generally believed that the political geography in early China was represented by an eastwest pattern of "Yi-Xia and East-West"-- which is a great discovery by FU Sinian-- with the north-south division occurring after the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, this only reveals part of the historical facts. This article argues that during the Three Dynasties, due to natural geographical separation, the distribution of ethnic groups also roughly presented a northsouth pattern. However, as the territory of the Three Dynasties continued to expand southward, the north-south dividing line also underwent a process of shifting from north to south, and this shift was hidden behind the appearance of ethnic integration, making it difficult to detect. From the perspective of ethnic distribution and migration, combined with the results of archaeological research, this article discusses the north-south geographical dividing line of early China, pointing out that from the Xia-Shang period to the Shang-Zhou period, the most important north-south dividing line was the "South Yellow River-Ji River"; from the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn period, it gradually shifted southward, becoming the "Hengshan Mountain Range"; from the Warring States period to the Western Han Dynasty, the Chu people's influence penetrated deep south of the Yangtze River, and the rise and fall of the power of the Chu people, Miao people, and Yue people formed a concave dividing line of the "Xuefeng Mountains-Five Ridges-Wuyi Mountains."