沼泽人疑难与历时整体论

如果歷史對于心靈是必要的話,那么前者以何種方式對后者構成約束而使之具備諸如意向性、內容之類的規范性地位?本文通過對沼澤人思想實驗的分析,對這些問題給出一種歷時整體論的獨特解答,即瞬間形成的沼澤人仍具有規范意義上的心靈。歷時整體論既反對包括目的論語義學在內的狹義歷史主義立場,但又不輕視自然主義進化論的解釋作用。本文引入了回顧必然性這一特殊模態概念,并說明在何種意義上它可成為歷時整體論的核心觀念。 How does history constitute a constraint on mind so as to make mind possess such normative statuses such as intentionality and content? This paper yields a unique, diachronically holistic answer to this question via a novel analysis of the Swampman thought experiment. Diachronic holism distinguishes itself from the sort of narrow historicist position represented by teleosemantics while granting no less importance to the explanatory role of evolution.A special modal notion of retrospective necessity is introduced with an eye to explicating the sense in which it serves as the core concept of diachronic holism.