翻译研究与文化身份

文化翻译直接或间接提升了其潜在的政治颠覆的意识。翻译必然是一种杂合的产物，把各种不协调的东西糅合进异族文化和本土文化的混合物中。文化政治和意识形态的不可通约性，其特征为各种影响稳定的效果，既确立又破坏了文化身份。在各种程度的开放中，文化优越感或自卑感决定了如何形成和重新形成规范的翻译策略。文化等同只是一种幻想，尽管在政治上是正确的。然而，现代翻译研究强调多样性、杂合性、流动与变化，并涉及翻译行为、不确定性、互文性、主体性、经纪人和经典化。由于翻译在一个具有不同文化的意义系统里运作以及阅读受到文化制约和寓意，翻译中出现了复杂的文化移入模式，极易生变却又持续不懈。因此，结合翻译和身份、杂合和嬗变等棘手问题来研究文化移入的过程成为必然。文化杂合源于对文化制约和限制的克服，并且试图通过调解、挪用来和解或者操纵跨文化差异。在跨文化参数方面，翻译意味着不断的调整和换置。其结果是：翻译研究的身份也必然是不断变动的。这也是基于跨文化和跨学科的重要性——或者不可避免性——正获得越来越多的承认。

The experience of cultural translation, either direct or indirect, raises the awareness of its subversive political potential. Translation is invariably a hybrid product that incorporates incongruities into a composite of the foreign and the local. It entails a process involving cultural politics and ideological incommensurability, characterized by destabilizing effects that both confirm and disrupt cultural identities. Cultural superiority or inferiority, together with varying degrees of openness, determines how normative translation strategies are shaped and reshaped. Cultural parity, in spite of its political correctness, is merely an illusion. Nonetheless, modern translation studies stress diversity, hybridity, flow and flux, in relation to, among others, performance, indeterminacy, intertextuality, subjectivity, agency and canon formation. Since translation operates in a different cultural system of signification and reading is culturally conditioned and allegorized, patterns of complex acculturation that are both surprisingly labile and persistent can be discerned in translation. Thus, it is necessary to study the process of acculturation with regard to translation and tackles related questions of identity, hybridity and metamorphosis. The notion of cultural amalgamation has its source in the overcoming of cultural confinement and limitation, and in experimenting with mediation and appropriation designed to reconcile or manipulate cross-cultural differences. In terms of cross-cultural parameters, translation means constant adjustment and displacement, as a result of which the identity of translation studies is bound to be a shifting one. This is also due to growing recognition of the importance — or rather, inevitability of cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary perspectives.