訓詁方法論

本書從現代語言學的角度出發，努力將傳統訓詁研究的方法理論化、體系化。作者不但系統地總結了方法，而且對每一種方法的原理、使用中的問題、有點和局限等作了論述，其中字根析義發、連類推勘法、語用分析法、互補分析法、以及利用語法分佈來研究虛詞的方法等，都頗有創見。本書在說明如何利用這些方法研究問題時，解決了很多常用古籍中長期被誤解的，或是長期得不到解決的難題，例如對《詩經》的虛詞“言”，對“中+名詞”結構的倒裝問題，對《論語》的“天祿永終”，對四聲別義現象等等，都提出來很好的意見。本書是將傳統的語文學與現代語言學理論相結合的一個很好的範例，很好地說明了如何結合，以及結合之後能夠取得什麼樣的令人振奮的成果。Standing on the point of modern linguistics, this book aims to make the research methods of the traditional Chinese Semantics, or, Xungu訓詁學, in traditional terminology, systemized and theorized. It systematically sums up thirteen main methods which have already or can be used in the discipline, and analyzes the principles, the questions raised during their using, the merits and the limitations of every method. Some of the methods are proposed on the first time, like 字根析義法, 連類推勘法, 語用分析法, 互補分析法, and analyzing grammatical words through its distribution, etc. It also shows that how and what kind of questions we can solve by using these methods, and it solves many difficult questions, including those of long term unsolved or misunderstood. For example, the grammatical word Yan言 in Shijing詩經, the structure of ‘Zhong+noun中+名詞’ in Shijing, the expression ‘天祿永終’in Lunyu論語, the word formation by changing tones during the Six Dynasty period, etc. This book is a good example to show how we can combine the traditional Chinese philology with modern linguistic theories, and the exciting results we can achieve when we do so.