论山水诗与陈郡谢氏之关系 : 兼论“庄、老告退,而山水方滋”

山水詩之興起，與謝靈運有深刻的因緣，本文結合謝靈運之身世，從門閥政治、玄、釋學術思想嬗變，以及詩歌發展歷程，來討論謝靈運之山水詩何以具備詩歌史里程碑的意義。本文著眼於謝氏獨特的山水意趣之形成，從晉宋時期佛學超越玄學的時代背景下，深入分析此種思潮對於謝氏山水詩寫作的影響，可知謝氏是玄言詩向山水詩轉換的標誌人物。將《文選·遊覽》所選詩與此前山水詩寫作相映照，還可以看出，劉勰所謂“莊老告退，而山水方滋”，是以文學史眼光看待山水詩發展，據此可令後世大致瞭解從謝靈運到謝朓等詩人的創作脈動。<eng>The rise of landscape poetry had a strong connection with Xie Lingyun 謝靈運 (385-433). This article combines Xie’s life experience, the changes of the political, metaphysical and Buddhist thoughts of the aristocratic families, and the development of poetry to discuss why Xie’s landscape poetry was a milestone in poetic history. This article focuses on the formation of Xie’s unique interest in landscape. From the background of the era when Buddhism surpassed Xuanxue 玄學 in the Jin and Song dynasties, this article deeply analyzes the influence of this kind of thought on the writing of Xie’s landscape poetry. Through this investigation, we can better understand Xie’s significance during the transition from xuanyan 玄言poetry to landscape poetry. Comparing the poems in the “Excursions” (“Youlan” 遊覽) section of the Wen xuan (Selections of Refined Literature 文選) with previous landscape poems, one can see that Liu Xie’s 劉勰 (ca. 465-521) claim that “Zhuang Lao fades away, and the landscape [poetry] began flourishing” 莊老告退，而山水方滋is to adopt a literary history perspective to examine the development of landscape poetry. Based on this, one can develop a solid understanding of the composition background from Xie Lingyun to Xie Tiao 謝朓 (464-199).