论汉语中的名物化结构

类型学上，如果一种语言有领格代词，它的动词或形容词能够变换形态而成为名词，它的被动标记有形态变化，那么，这种语言的名物化过程不可能涉及句法转换，如英语（参看Chomsk，1970）。不过，汉语是具有跟上述特征相反的语言。很长时间以来，汉语是否需要在名物化过程涉及句法转换，这一问题似乎讨论得不多。本文提出具体证据说明汉语名物化过程需要涉及句法转换，并做出分析论证，在语言描写及理论上有一定的意义。 This paper provides typological evidence that nominalization in Chinese involves syntactic transformations which are not necessary in languages like English. Typologically, Chinese is distinct from languages such as English in three ways. Firstly, its verbs do not become nouns by adding nominal morphemes to them; secondly, it does not have possessive pronouns;thirdly, it lacks passive morphology. In contrast, languages like English have all three traits. As a result, English nominalization is formed through base-generation and hence there is no syntactic transformation necessary (cf. Chomsky 1970). Over the years, the question of whether there is a language whose nominalization would involve syntactic transformation has been on the linguistic theorization back burner. This paper addresses the issue by proposing that any language whose verbs do not become nouns by adding nominal morphemes to them and which lacks possessive pronouns and passive morphology is a candidate for nominalization with syntactic transformations, exemplified by Chinese.