超越西方化 : 中国高等教育国际化的困境及突破

作为全球高等教育的趋势之一,国际化推动了各国高等教育的发展,但是发展中国家的高等教育需要警惕过度西方化的风险。包括世界大学排名体系、学生和学者的垂直流动、作为学术通用语的英语、国际组织的价值导向等因素,共同促使全球高等教育置身于欧美主导的中心-边缘结构之中。中国高等教育国际化同样存在西方化的隐忧,表现为模仿欧美模式培养人才、偏重在国际期刊发表论文、推崇引进海外人才以及刻板学习欧美大学治理模式。中国大学推动真正意义上的国际化,必须超越单维度的“西方化”,借鉴世界各国高等教育的有益经验,开创具有国际视野和中国特色的本土化模式。

Internationalization, as a global trend, advances higher education worldwide. Nonetheless, developing countries must be vigilant against the risk of over-Westernization in their higher education systems. Factors such as the world university ranking systems, the vertical mobility of students and scholars, English as the lingua franca of academia, and the value orientation of international organizations have jointly embedded global higher education within a center-periphery structure dominated by Western countries. The internationalization of China's higher education is also not immune to these risks of Westernization, evident in the emulation of Western talent cultivation models, a focus on publishing in international journals, valuing the recruitment of overseas talent, and rigidly adopting Western university governance models. To realize a more authentic form of internationalization, Chinese universities must go beyond the single-dimensional “Westernization” by drawing on valuable global higher education practices and forging a localized approach that integrates an international perspective with distinct Chinese characteristics.