透明口罩在儿童言语治疗中的需求情况及声学分析

目的 : 研究儿童言语治疗中透明口罩的需求情况并分析其声学特征，探索流行病期间透明口罩在言语治疗中使用的可行性。

方法 : 采用“透明口罩需求及使用感受调查问卷”通过问卷星对5名康复医生、8名言语治疗师、20例患儿和47例患儿家长进行问卷调查了解透明口罩在儿童康复治疗中的需求和反馈。对6名大学生采用德国ATMOS LingWAVES嗓音分析系统对使用透明口罩进行声学分析比较不戴口罩、戴外科口罩、戴透明口罩及戴透明口罩结合扩音器三组间的差异。

结果: 接受调查的言语治疗患儿中75% (15/20) 在透明口罩和医用外科口罩之间选择透明口罩。97.9% (46/47) 的家长认为透明口罩的使用对于康复治疗有积极作用。所有治疗师都认为透明口罩对于言语治疗有积极作用，但75% (6/8)的治疗师认为使用透明口罩会出现声音沉闷。分别对6名大学生进行不戴口罩、使用外科口罩、使用透明口罩、透明口罩配合扩音器时的嗓音分析。使用透明口罩平均响度、MPT及音调变化幅度较未佩戴口罩明显下降 (P<0.05)。其中透明口罩与外科口罩在平均响度、音调变化幅度有显著差异 (P<0.05)，而两组MPT差异无显著性意义 (P>0.05)。但使用外科口罩和透明口罩与不佩戴口罩相比对声带效率影响均不明显（P>0.05)。透明口罩配合扩音器使用可以补足响度同时使音调变化幅度变大且差异有显著性意义 (P<0.05)。

Objective : To investigate the demand for transparent masks in pediatric speech therapy, analyze the acoustic characteristics, and explore the feasibility of using transparent masks in speech therapy during an epidemic.

Method : A survey was conducted among five rehabilitation doctors, eight speech therapists, twenty children and forty- seven parents to understand the needs and feedback of transparent masks in pediatric rehabilitation treatment through a questionnaire platform . Acoustic analysis was performed on six college students using ATMOS LingWAVES voice analysis system to compare the differences between groups without masks, with surgical mask, transparent masks and transparent masks with an amplifier.

Result : Among the children in speech therapy, 75% (15/20) chose transparent masks over surgical masks. 97.9%
(46/47) of the parents considered that the use of transparent mask for rehabilitation therapy has a positive role. All therapists considered that the transparent masks had positive effects on speech therapy, while 75% (6/8) of therapists noted that the use of transparent masks would cause muffled voice. Acoustic analysis was performed on six college students in four conditions : no mask, surgical mask, transparent mask, and transparent mask with an amplifier. The use of transparent masks resulted in a significant reduction in average loudness, maximum phonation time (MPT), and pitch variation compared to no mask(P<0.05). There were significant differences in average loudness and pitch between transparent masks and surgical masks (P<0.05), but no significant difference in MPT between these two groups (P>0.05). Surgical masks and transparent masks had no significant effect on vocal cord efficiency compared with no masks (P>0.05). The combined use of a transparent mask with an amplifier could enhance loudness and increase pitch variation with significant differences (P<0.05).

Conclusion : Transparent masks have a positive effect on speech therapy for children. The combined use of transparent masks with an amplifier can improve loudness and pitch variation.