13-15世纪浙东粮食供给与沿海贸易兴衰 : 基于弘治《温州府志》粟麦种植记载的考证

从区域社会经济史的角度探求宋元明之际浙东粮食供给和需求，可以考证出明代弘治《温州府志》所存米麦信息源自南宋《永嘉志》，并根据其他资料包括南宋劝农文、《明实录》、明代永乐《乐清县志》、墓志铭及文集，复原从13世纪初到15世纪末温州从粮食输入地成为输出地这一过程。这一结构性变化受到宋元明之际政策变迁的影响，特别是浙东社会在明初遭遇海禁以及卫所制度的推行，当地民众改采自给自足模式满足粮食需求，“民勤于力而以力胜”这一立足于市场和分工的宋人观念在明代官方经济政策中消失。

<eng>This paper aims to investigate both the supply and demand of grain during the Song-Yuan-Ming transition in coastal Zhejiang. The two extracts preserved in the Wenzhou gazetteer compiled in 1503 provide important information about the import of grain to Wenzhou via maritime trade in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. This further supported development of handicrafts industries and monetization of taxation. As the early Ming court implemented the ban on maritime trade and introduced military farms in the late fourteenth century to promote self-reliance grain production, Wenzhou became a grain exporter at the cost of its rural industries.