A Reliable JPEG Quantization Table Estimator

JPEG compression is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images. The degree of compression can be adjusted by the choice of a quality factor QF. Each software associates this value to a quantization table, which is a 8 × 8 matrix used to quantize the DCT coefficients of an image. We propose a method for recovering the JPEG quantization table relying only on the image information, without any metadata from the file header; thus the proposed method can be applied to an uncompressed image format to detect a previous JPEG compression. A statistical validation is used to decide whether significant quantization traces are found or not, and to provide a quantitative measure of the confidence on the detection.