Abstract
Method: About 15,991 freshmen (24 colleges, 9 countries, WMHICS) (response rate=45.6%) completed online WMH-CIDI-SC surveys for 6-month ADHD and six 12-month DSMIV disorders. We examined multivariate disorder classes using latent class analysis (LCA) and simulated a population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) of ADHD-related impairment.
Results: About 15.9% had ADHD, of which 58.4% had comorbidities. LCA classified ADHD respondents to pure (42.9%), internalizing (36.0%), bipolar comorbidities (11.3%), and externalizing disorder classes (9.8%). ADHD, comorbidities, and multivariate disorder classes independently predicted severe impairment. PARPs: eliminating ADHD hypothetically reduced severe impairment by 19.2%, 10.1% adjusted for comorbidities, 9.5% for multivariate disorder classes.
Conclusions: ADHD and comorbid disorders are common and impairing in college students. Personalized transdiagnostic interventions guided by multivariate disorder classes should be explored.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 108705472110572 |
Pages (from-to) | 1078-1096 |
Number of pages | 19 |
Journal | Journal of Attention Disorders |
Volume | 26 |
Issue number | 8 |
Early online date | Nov 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jun 2022 |
Bibliographical note
[Prof. SIU Oi-ling is a member of "The WHO World Health Survey International College Student Collaborator".]Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2021.
Funding
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative is carried out as part of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative. WMH-ICS is funded, in part, by the US National Institute of Mental Health (R56MH109566); the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (11N0514N/11N0516N/ 1114717N), the King Baudouin Foundation (2014-J2140150-102905), and Eli Lilly (IIT-H6U-BX-I002); BARMER, a health care insurance company, for project StudiCare; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog?a (CONACyT) grant CB-2016-01-28554; ZonMw (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; grant number 636110005) and the PFGV (PFGV; Protestants Fonds voor de Geestelijke Volksgezondheid) in support of the student survey project; South African Medical Research Council through its Division of Research Capacity Development under the Mid-Career Scientist Program (MCSP) (awarded to J. Bantjes), and the Ithemba Foundation; Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - FEDER (PI13/00343), ISCIII (R?o Hortega, CM14/00125), ISCIII (Sara Borrell, CD12/00440), Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, PNSD (Exp. 2015I015); DIUE Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 452), FPU (FPU15/05728) (JA); Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III- FEDER (PI13/00506); European Union Regional Development Fund (ERDF) EU Sustainable Competitiveness Programme for Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Public Health Agency (HSC R&D), and Ulster University; Suicide Prevention Australia (awarded to P.Hasking); National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (Investigator Grant 1173043, awarded to M.Boyes).
Keywords
- ADHD
- college students
- epidemiology
- mental disorder
- role impairment