Artificial Neural Networks as Feature Extractors in Continuous Evolutionary Optimization

Recent years have seen the advancement of data-driven paradigms in population-based and evolutionary optimization. This reflects on one hand the mere abundance of available data, but on the other hand also progresses in the refinement of previously available machine learning methods. Surprisingly, deep pattern recognition methods emerging from the studies of neural networks have only been sparingly applied. This comes unexpected, as the complex data generated by evolutionary search algorithms can be considered tedious and intractable for manual analysis with mere practical intuitions. In this work, we therefore explore opportunities to employ deep networks to directly learn problem characteristics of continuous optimization problems. Particularly, with data obtained during initial runs of an optimization algorithm. We find that a graph neural network, trained upon a graph representation of continuous search spaces, shows in comparison to more traditional approaches higher validation accuracy and retrieves characteristics within the latent space which are better at distinguishing different continuous optimization problems. We hope that our study can pave the way towards new approaches which allow us to learn problem-dependent algorithm components and recall these from predictions of inputs generated during the run-time of an optimization algorithm. © 2021 IEEE.