Enhancing Online Presence during the Sudden Transition to Online Teaching : Case Studies of Macau Award-Winning University Teachers' Practices and Phronesis

Research about the sudden transition from offline to online in Macau during the pandemic is limited. Using the Community of Inquiry (COI) framework as the deductive thematic analysis template, we interviewed six award-winning teachers at a teaching-oriented local tertiary institute about their online teaching practices concerning social, cognitive, and teaching kinds of presence. As the result of the collective case study, we found that the teachers, to some extent, echoed the good practices recommended in the COI in improving online presence. Meanwhile, the six teachers' seemingly practical skills reflected their accumulated phronesis or wisdom of practice. It is because the teachers' overarching aim was to guarantee their students' learning with care during the pandemic. By emphasising practices and phronesis, we innovate and expand on the COI as suggestions for teachers facing uncertainties and complexities of classroom teaching.