Factors influencing the fertility intentions among women of childbearing age in China

China is currently experiencing a steep decline in fertility rates, posing significant challenges to social stability and sustainable development. Drawing on data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this study examines the factors influencing fertility intentions among Chinese women of childbearing age. The findings indicate that age, housing area, perceived social fairness, and female autonomy level are positively associated with fertility intentions, while attitudes toward government fertility policies have a significantly negative impact. Additionally, ethnic minority groups, groups with religious beliefs and rural household groups exhibit stronger fertility intentions. Household economic condition is a critical determinant of fertility, and heterogeneity analysis reveals that this effect is more pronounced among high-income groups. The results remain robust after a series of statistical tests. Based on these findings and drawing on international experience, this study offers targeted policy recommendations to help China boost its fertility rate, providing new perspectives and empirical evidence for global public health.