Abstract
Introduction: This study explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of video review systems in Taekwondo, addressing limitations in current human-based judgment processes during competitions.
Methods: A total of 241 video review cases from the 2024 Paris Olympic Taekwondo competition were analyzed. AI-based judgments were generated using ChatGPT-4.5 and OpenPose deep learning models. The AI-generated penalty decisions were statistically compared to those made by international video review referees using Cohen's Kappa coefficient.
Results: The AI system demonstrated strong agreement with international referees (κ = 0.897, p < 0.001). Discrepancies occurred in only 9 out of 241 cases, primarily in scenarios involving head strikes with minimal contact or visual occlusion. Additionally, the AI system reduced average review time by approximately 81% by automatically identifying critical frames. Discussion: While AI significantly improved efficiency and showed high consistency with expert judgments, human oversight remains crucial for ambiguous or complex cases. A hybrid model—AI-assisted pre-review followed by referee confirmation—is proposed to optimize decision-making. Future developments should focus on real-time detection, multi-angle video integration, and application to other sports such as baseball, basketball, boxing, and judo.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1632326 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| Volume | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 18 Aug 2025 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:2025 Zhang, Qu and Girard.
Funding
The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article.
Keywords
- artificial intelligence
- Paris Olympics
- sports fairness
- sports referee
- Taekwondo
