Abstract
Background
Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures.
Methods
Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed.
Findings
In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99·2–128·4), with a global prevalence of 1·52% (95% UI 1·33–1·72), of which 42·6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14·91% [12·41–17·87] in those aged 80–84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69·4% (64·2–74·3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles.
Interpretation
The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors.
Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures.
Methods
Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed.
Findings
In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99·2–128·4), with a global prevalence of 1·52% (95% UI 1·33–1·72), of which 42·6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14·91% [12·41–17·87] in those aged 80–84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69·4% (64·2–74·3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles.
Interpretation
The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | e1553-e1565 |
| Journal | The Lancet Global Health |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| Early online date | 19 Sept 2023 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Oct 2023 |
Bibliographical note
[Prof. Edward Kwabena AMEYAW is a GBD 2019 PAD Collaborator]Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Funding Information:
O C Baltatu acknowledges support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, 304224/2022-7) and the Anima Institute (research professor fellowship). A N Bhat acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College of Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education. L A Cámera acknowledges support from Sociedad Argentina de Medicina and Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. A L Catapano acknowledges support from the Italian Ministry of Health finanziamento ricerca corrente at Multimedica IRCCS. V M Costa acknowledges support from grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia. S L Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional support from Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. K Krishan acknowledges non-financial support from UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Phase II, awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, outside the submitted work. S Lorkowski acknowledges support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, grant agreement number 01EA1808A). K Malhotra acknowledges support from the Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK. G A Roth acknowledges support from research grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (USA), the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, the Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund (USA), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. A M Samy acknowledges support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
