In-kind Transfers and Rural Livelihood Dynamics in Ghana's Central Region, A Qualitative Study

Using the capabilities approach and the paternalism theoretical perspective, this study looks at how inkind transfers affect livelihood dynamics in Ghana. The study employed a qualitative research methodology, conducting interviews with 18 purposively selected rural inhabitants who are recipients of agriculture in-kind transfers program. Data was recorded in audio form, transcribed, and analysed thematically. As part of the analysis, codes and themes were generated independently, followed by a peer review to ensure inter-rater reliability. The study reveals that in-kind transfers can have diverse impacts on rural livelihood dynamics. Findings suggest that giving smallholder farmers agricultural inputs like seeds and equipment, along with training, increases their productivity and revenue, thereby creating jobs. In certain instances, this leads to the seasonal migration of young people. However, some recipients argue that selection processes do breed tension in the community and could affect social ties. Others believe that cash transfers should take precedence over in-kind transfers. This research seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on social protection mechanisms and their effectiveness in enhancing decent work opportunities in rural contexts.