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Abstract
In the presence of time window policies for electric vehicles (EVs) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICVs), a logistics service provider (LSP) may renew her fleet by partially replacing existing ICVs with either only EVs (strategy E) or a mix of EVs and new ICVs (strategy H). In this paper, we investigate the LSP's choice between strategies E and H and the impacts of these time window policies on the LSP's EV usage rate and the social welfare. We analyze a two-echelon supply chain involving an EV manufacturer and an LSP or two competing LSPs and perform game analyses. The EV manufacturer determines the driving range and sale price of EVs and the LSP makes her EV usage rate and service pricing decisions. We find that strategy H is not always more profitable than strategy E, which depends on the unit operating cost for new ICVs and the portion of demand fulfilled by new vehicles. If they are sufficiently high or both of them are sufficiently low, then the LSP should opt for strategy E. A wider time window for EVs can encourage the monopolistic LSP's EV usage rate, whereas a narrower time window for ICVs can encourage (discourage) this LSP's EV usage rate if the demand potential for her service is sufficiently large (small). In addition, the per mile environmental impact of using EVs also influences the impacts of time window factors for EVs and ICVs on the social welfare.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 108406 |
Journal | International Journal of Production Economics |
Volume | 245 |
Early online date | 4 Jan 2022 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Mar 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The first author ( Yongling Gao ) was supported by the National Social Science Fund of China ( 18BGL217 ), National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 71774182 ; 71872200 ), and Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Ministry of Education of China ( 17YJC630027 ). Yongling Gao is grateful to Professor Tarik Driouchi for his encouragements and helpful suggestions. The second author ( Mingming Leng ) was supported by the General Research Fund (GRF) of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council under Research Project No. LU13500020 .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords
- Driving range
- Electric vehicles
- Logistics service providers
- Supply chain management
- Time windows
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Incentivizing the System-Wide Adoption of Blockchain Technology in a Food Supply Chain: A Cooperative Game Approach (激励在食品供应链中全系统采用区块链技术:一种合作博弈方法)
LENG, M. (PI), PARLAR, M. (CoI) & SOSIC, G. (CoI)
Research Grants Council (HKSAR)
1/01/21 → 31/12/22
Project: Grant Research