Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020

Jolien A. VAN BREEN; Maja KUTLACA; Yasin KOÇ; Bertus F. JERONIMUS; Anne Margit REITSEMA; Veljko JOVANOVIĆ; Maximilian AGOSTINI; Jocelyn J. BÉLANGER; Ben GÜTZKOW; Jannis KREIENKAMP; Georgios ABAKOUMKIN; Jamilah Hanum ABDUL KHAIYOM; Vjollca AHMEDI; Handan AKKAS; Carlos A. ALMENARA; Mohsin ATTA; Sabahat Cigdem BAGCI; Sima BASEL; Edona BERISHA KIDA; Allan B. I. BERNARDO; Nicholas R. BUTTRICK; Phatthanakit CHOBTHAMKIT; Hoon-Seok CHOI; Mioara CRISTEA; Sára CSABA; Kaja DAMNJANOVIC; Ivan DANYLIUK; Arobindu DASH; Daniela DI SANTO; Karen M. DOUGLAS; Violeta ENEA; Daiane Gracieli FALLER; Gavan FITZSIMONS; Alexandra GHEORGHIU; Ángel GÓMEZ; Ali HAMAIDIA; Qing HAN; Mai HELMY; Joevarian HUDIYANA; Ding-Yu JIANG; Željka KAMENOV; Anna KENDE; Shian-Ling KENG; Tra Thi Thanh KIEU; Kamila KOVYAZINA; Inna KOZYTSKA; Joshua KRAUSE; Arie W. KRUGLANSKI; Anton KURAPOV; Nóra Anna LANTOS; Edward P. LEMAY; Cokorda Bagus Jaya LESMANA; Winnifred R. LOUIS; Adrian LUEDERS; Najma Iqbal MALIK; Anton MARTINEZ; Kira McCABE; Jasmina MEHULIĆ; Mirra Noor MILLA; Idris MOHAMMED; Erica MOLINARIO; Manuel MOYANO; Hayat MUHAMMAD; Silvana MULA; Hamdi MULUK; Solomiia MYRONIUK; Reza NAJAFI; Claudia F. NISA; Boglárka NYÚL; Paul A. O'KEEFE; Jose Javier OLIVAS OSUNA; Evgeny N. OSIN; Joonha PARK; Gennaro PICA; Antonio PIERRO; Jonas REES; Elena RESTA; Marika RULLO; Michelle K. RYAN; Adil SAMEKIN; Pekka SANTTILA; Edyta SASIN; Birga Mareen SCHUMPE; Heyla A. SELIM; Michael Vicente STANTON; Samiah SULTANA; Robbie M. SUTTON; Eleftheria TSELIOU; Akira UTSUGI; Caspar J. VAN LISSA; Kees VAN VEEN; Michelle R. VANDELLEN; Alexandra VÁZQUEZ; Robin WOLLAST; Victoria Wai-Lan YEUNG; Somayeh ZAND; Iris Lav ŽEŽELJ; Bang ZHENG; Andreas ZICK; Claudia ZÚÑIGA; N. Pontus LEANDER

doi:10.1177/01461672211036602

Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020

Jolien A. VAN BREEN, Maja KUTLACA, Yasin KOÇ, Bertus F. JERONIMUS, Anne Margit REITSEMA, Veljko JOVANOVIĆ, Maximilian AGOSTINI, Jocelyn J. BÉLANGER, Ben GÜTZKOW, Jannis KREIENKAMP, Georgios ABAKOUMKIN, Jamilah Hanum ABDUL KHAIYOM, Vjollca AHMEDI, Handan AKKAS, Carlos A. ALMENARA, Mohsin ATTA, Sabahat Cigdem BAGCI, Sima BASEL, Edona BERISHA KIDA, Allan B. I. BERNARDONicholas R. BUTTRICK, Phatthanakit CHOBTHAMKIT, Hoon-Seok CHOI, Mioara CRISTEA, Sára CSABA, Kaja DAMNJANOVIC, Ivan DANYLIUK, Arobindu DASH, Daniela DI SANTO, Karen M. DOUGLAS, Violeta ENEA, Daiane Gracieli FALLER, Gavan FITZSIMONS, Alexandra GHEORGHIU, Ángel GÓMEZ, Ali HAMAIDIA, Qing HAN, Mai HELMY, Joevarian HUDIYANA, Ding-Yu JIANG, Željka KAMENOV, Anna KENDE, Shian-Ling KENG, Tra Thi Thanh KIEU, Kamila KOVYAZINA, Inna KOZYTSKA, Joshua KRAUSE, Arie W. KRUGLANSKI, Anton KURAPOV, Nóra Anna LANTOS, Edward P. LEMAY, Cokorda Bagus Jaya LESMANA, Winnifred R. LOUIS, Adrian LUEDERS, Najma Iqbal MALIK, Anton MARTINEZ, Kira McCABE, Jasmina MEHULIĆ, Mirra Noor MILLA, Idris MOHAMMED, Erica MOLINARIO, Manuel MOYANO, Hayat MUHAMMAD, Silvana MULA, Hamdi MULUK, Solomiia MYRONIUK, Reza NAJAFI, Claudia F. NISA, Boglárka NYÚL, Paul A. O'KEEFE, Jose Javier OLIVAS OSUNA, Evgeny N. OSIN, Joonha PARK, Gennaro PICA, Antonio PIERRO, Jonas REES, Elena RESTA, Marika RULLO, Michelle K. RYAN, Adil SAMEKIN, Pekka SANTTILA, Edyta SASIN, Birga Mareen SCHUMPE, Heyla A. SELIM, Michael Vicente STANTON, Samiah SULTANA, Robbie M. SUTTON, Eleftheria TSELIOU, Akira UTSUGI, Caspar J. VAN LISSA, Kees VAN VEEN, Michelle R. VANDELLEN, Alexandra VÁZQUEZ, Robin WOLLAST, Victoria Wai-Lan YEUNG, Somayeh ZAND, Iris Lav ŽEŽELJ, Bang ZHENG, Andreas ZICK, Claudia ZÚÑIGA, N. Pontus LEANDER

Department of Applied Psychology

Research output: Journal Publications › Journal Article (refereed) › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We examine how social contacts and feelings of solidarity shape experiences of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020. From the PsyCorona database, we obtained longitudinal data from 23 countries, collected between March and May 2020. The results demonstrated that although online contacts help to reduce feelings of loneliness, people who feel more lonely are less likely to use that strategy. Solidarity played only a small role in shaping feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Thus, it seems we must look beyond the current focus on online contact and solidarity to help people address feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Finally, online contacts did not function as a substitute for face-to-face contacts outside the home—in fact, more frequent online contact in earlier weeks predicted more frequent face-to-face contacts in later weeks. As such, this work provides relevant insights into how individuals manage the impact of restrictions on their social lives.

Original language	English
Article number	014616722110366
Pages (from-to)	1315-1330
Number of pages	16
Journal	Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Volume	48
Issue number	9
Early online date	25 Aug 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211036602
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Funding

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research received support from the New York University Abu Dhabi (VCDSF/75-71015), the University of Groningen (Sustainable Society & Ubbo Emmius Fund), and the Spanish government (COV20/00086).

Keywords

COVID-19
loneliness
longitudinal methodology
online communication
solidarity

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1177/01461672211036602

Cite this

VAN BREEN, J. A., KUTLACA, M., KOÇ, Y., JERONIMUS, B. F., REITSEMA, A. M., JOVANOVIĆ, V., AGOSTINI, M., BÉLANGER, J. J., GÜTZKOW, B., KREIENKAMP, J., ABAKOUMKIN, G., ABDUL KHAIYOM, J. H., AHMEDI, V., AKKAS, H., ALMENARA, C. A., ATTA, M., BAGCI, S. C., BASEL, S., BERISHA KIDA, E., ... LEANDER, N. P. (2022). Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 48(9), 1315-1330. Article 014616722110366. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211036602

@article{8150c61580d643789b90a5948743b073,

title = "Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020",

abstract = "We examine how social contacts and feelings of solidarity shape experiences of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020. From the PsyCorona database, we obtained longitudinal data from 23 countries, collected between March and May 2020. The results demonstrated that although online contacts help to reduce feelings of loneliness, people who feel more lonely are less likely to use that strategy. Solidarity played only a small role in shaping feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Thus, it seems we must look beyond the current focus on online contact and solidarity to help people address feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Finally, online contacts did not function as a substitute for face-to-face contacts outside the home—in fact, more frequent online contact in earlier weeks predicted more frequent face-to-face contacts in later weeks. As such, this work provides relevant insights into how individuals manage the impact of restrictions on their social lives.",

keywords = "COVID-19, loneliness, longitudinal methodology, online communication, solidarity",

author = "{VAN BREEN}, {Jolien A.} and Maja KUTLACA and Yasin KO{\c C} and JERONIMUS, {Bertus F.} and REITSEMA, {Anne Margit} and Veljko JOVANOVI{\'C} and Maximilian AGOSTINI and B{\'E}LANGER, {Jocelyn J.} and Ben G{\"U}TZKOW and Jannis KREIENKAMP and Georgios ABAKOUMKIN and {ABDUL KHAIYOM}, {Jamilah Hanum} and Vjollca AHMEDI and Handan AKKAS and ALMENARA, {Carlos A.} and Mohsin ATTA and BAGCI, {Sabahat Cigdem} and Sima BASEL and {BERISHA KIDA}, Edona and BERNARDO, {Allan B. I.} and BUTTRICK, {Nicholas R.} and Phatthanakit CHOBTHAMKIT and Hoon-Seok CHOI and Mioara CRISTEA and S{\'a}ra CSABA and Kaja DAMNJANOVIC and Ivan DANYLIUK and Arobindu DASH and {DI SANTO}, Daniela and DOUGLAS, {Karen M.} and Violeta ENEA and FALLER, {Daiane Gracieli} and Gavan FITZSIMONS and Alexandra GHEORGHIU and {\'A}ngel G{\'O}MEZ and Ali HAMAIDIA and Qing HAN and Mai HELMY and Joevarian HUDIYANA and Ding-Yu JIANG and {\v Z}eljka KAMENOV and Anna KENDE and Shian-Ling KENG and KIEU, {Tra Thi Thanh} and Kamila KOVYAZINA and Inna KOZYTSKA and Joshua KRAUSE and KRUGLANSKI, {Arie W.} and Anton KURAPOV and LANTOS, {N{\'o}ra Anna} and LEMAY, {Edward P.} and LESMANA, {Cokorda Bagus Jaya} and LOUIS, {Winnifred R.} and Adrian LUEDERS and MALIK, {Najma Iqbal} and Anton MARTINEZ and Kira McCABE and Jasmina MEHULI{\'C} and MILLA, {Mirra Noor} and Idris MOHAMMED and Erica MOLINARIO and Manuel MOYANO and Hayat MUHAMMAD and Silvana MULA and Hamdi MULUK and Solomiia MYRONIUK and Reza NAJAFI and NISA, {Claudia F.} and Bogl{\'a}rka NY{\'U}L and O'KEEFE, {Paul A.} and {OLIVAS OSUNA}, {Jose Javier} and OSIN, {Evgeny N.} and Joonha PARK and Gennaro PICA and Antonio PIERRO and Jonas REES and Elena RESTA and Marika RULLO and RYAN, {Michelle K.} and Adil SAMEKIN and Pekka SANTTILA and Edyta SASIN and SCHUMPE, {Birga Mareen} and SELIM, {Heyla A.} and STANTON, {Michael Vicente} and Samiah SULTANA and SUTTON, {Robbie M.} and Eleftheria TSELIOU and Akira UTSUGI and {VAN LISSA}, {Caspar J.} and {VAN VEEN}, Kees and VANDELLEN, {Michelle R.} and Alexandra V{\'A}ZQUEZ and Robin WOLLAST and YEUNG, {Victoria Wai-Lan} and Somayeh ZAND and {\v Z}E{\v Z}ELJ, {Iris Lav} and Bang ZHENG and Andreas ZICK and Claudia Z{\'U}{\~N}IGA and LEANDER, {N. Pontus}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1177/01461672211036602",

language = "English",

volume = "48",

pages = "1315--1330",

journal = "Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin",

issn = "0146-1672",

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VAN BREEN, JA, KUTLACA, M, KOÇ, Y, JERONIMUS, BF, REITSEMA, AM, JOVANOVIĆ, V, AGOSTINI, M, BÉLANGER, JJ, GÜTZKOW, B, KREIENKAMP, J, ABAKOUMKIN, G, ABDUL KHAIYOM, JH, AHMEDI, V, AKKAS, H, ALMENARA, CA, ATTA, M, BAGCI, SC, BASEL, S, BERISHA KIDA, E, BERNARDO, ABI, BUTTRICK, NR, CHOBTHAMKIT, P, CHOI, H-S, CRISTEA, M, CSABA, S, DAMNJANOVIC, K, DANYLIUK, I, DASH, A, DI SANTO, D, DOUGLAS, KM, ENEA, V, FALLER, DG, FITZSIMONS, G, GHEORGHIU, A, GÓMEZ, Á, HAMAIDIA, A, HAN, Q, HELMY, M, HUDIYANA, J, JIANG, D-Y, KAMENOV, Ž, KENDE, A, KENG, S-L, KIEU, TTT, KOVYAZINA, K, KOZYTSKA, I, KRAUSE, J, KRUGLANSKI, AW, KURAPOV, A, LANTOS, NA, LEMAY, EP, LESMANA, CBJ, LOUIS, WR, LUEDERS, A, MALIK, NI, MARTINEZ, A, McCABE, K, MEHULIĆ, J, MILLA, MN, MOHAMMED, I, MOLINARIO, E, MOYANO, M, MUHAMMAD, H, MULA, S, MULUK, H, MYRONIUK, S, NAJAFI, R, NISA, CF, NYÚL, B, O'KEEFE, PA, OLIVAS OSUNA, JJ, OSIN, EN, PARK, J, PICA, G, PIERRO, A, REES, J, RESTA, E, RULLO, M, RYAN, MK, SAMEKIN, A, SANTTILA, P, SASIN, E, SCHUMPE, BM, SELIM, HA, STANTON, MV, SULTANA, S, SUTTON, RM, TSELIOU, E, UTSUGI, A, VAN LISSA, CJ, VAN VEEN, K, VANDELLEN, MR, VÁZQUEZ, A, WOLLAST, R, YEUNG, VW-L, ZAND, S, ŽEŽELJ, IL, ZHENG, B, ZICK, A, ZÚÑIGA, C & LEANDER, NP 2022, 'Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020', Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 48, no. 9, 014616722110366, pp. 1315-1330. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211036602

Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020. / VAN BREEN, Jolien A.; KUTLACA, Maja; KOÇ, Yasin et al.
In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 48, No. 9, 014616722110366, 01.09.2022, p. 1315-1330.

Research output: Journal Publications › Journal Article (refereed) › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020

AU - VAN BREEN, Jolien A.

AU - KUTLACA, Maja

AU - KOÇ, Yasin

AU - JERONIMUS, Bertus F.

AU - REITSEMA, Anne Margit

AU - JOVANOVIĆ, Veljko

AU - AGOSTINI, Maximilian

AU - BÉLANGER, Jocelyn J.

AU - GÜTZKOW, Ben

AU - KREIENKAMP, Jannis

AU - ABAKOUMKIN, Georgios

AU - ABDUL KHAIYOM, Jamilah Hanum

AU - AHMEDI, Vjollca

AU - AKKAS, Handan

AU - ALMENARA, Carlos A.

AU - ATTA, Mohsin

AU - BAGCI, Sabahat Cigdem

AU - BASEL, Sima

AU - BERISHA KIDA, Edona

AU - BERNARDO, Allan B. I.

AU - BUTTRICK, Nicholas R.

AU - CHOBTHAMKIT, Phatthanakit

AU - CHOI, Hoon-Seok

AU - CRISTEA, Mioara

AU - CSABA, Sára

AU - DAMNJANOVIC, Kaja

AU - DANYLIUK, Ivan

AU - DASH, Arobindu

AU - DI SANTO, Daniela

AU - DOUGLAS, Karen M.

AU - ENEA, Violeta

AU - FALLER, Daiane Gracieli

AU - FITZSIMONS, Gavan

AU - GHEORGHIU, Alexandra

AU - GÓMEZ, Ángel

AU - HAMAIDIA, Ali

AU - HAN, Qing

AU - HELMY, Mai

AU - HUDIYANA, Joevarian

AU - JIANG, Ding-Yu

AU - KAMENOV, Željka

AU - KENDE, Anna

AU - KENG, Shian-Ling

AU - KIEU, Tra Thi Thanh

AU - KOVYAZINA, Kamila

AU - KOZYTSKA, Inna

AU - KRAUSE, Joshua

AU - KRUGLANSKI, Arie W.

AU - KURAPOV, Anton

AU - LANTOS, Nóra Anna

AU - LEMAY, Edward P.

AU - LESMANA, Cokorda Bagus Jaya

AU - LOUIS, Winnifred R.

AU - LUEDERS, Adrian

AU - MALIK, Najma Iqbal

AU - MARTINEZ, Anton

AU - McCABE, Kira

AU - MEHULIĆ, Jasmina

AU - MILLA, Mirra Noor

AU - MOHAMMED, Idris

AU - MOLINARIO, Erica

AU - MOYANO, Manuel

AU - MUHAMMAD, Hayat

AU - MULA, Silvana

AU - MULUK, Hamdi

AU - MYRONIUK, Solomiia

AU - NAJAFI, Reza

AU - NISA, Claudia F.

AU - NYÚL, Boglárka

AU - O'KEEFE, Paul A.

AU - OLIVAS OSUNA, Jose Javier

AU - OSIN, Evgeny N.

AU - PARK, Joonha

AU - PICA, Gennaro

AU - PIERRO, Antonio

AU - REES, Jonas

AU - RESTA, Elena

AU - RULLO, Marika

AU - RYAN, Michelle K.

AU - SAMEKIN, Adil

AU - SANTTILA, Pekka

AU - SASIN, Edyta

AU - SCHUMPE, Birga Mareen

AU - SELIM, Heyla A.

AU - STANTON, Michael Vicente

AU - SULTANA, Samiah

AU - SUTTON, Robbie M.

AU - TSELIOU, Eleftheria

AU - UTSUGI, Akira

AU - VAN LISSA, Caspar J.

AU - VAN VEEN, Kees

AU - VANDELLEN, Michelle R.

AU - VÁZQUEZ, Alexandra

AU - WOLLAST, Robin

AU - YEUNG, Victoria Wai-Lan

AU - ZAND, Somayeh

AU - ŽEŽELJ, Iris Lav

AU - ZHENG, Bang

AU - ZICK, Andreas

AU - ZÚÑIGA, Claudia

AU - LEANDER, N. Pontus

PY - 2022/9/1

Y1 - 2022/9/1

N2 - We examine how social contacts and feelings of solidarity shape experiences of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020. From the PsyCorona database, we obtained longitudinal data from 23 countries, collected between March and May 2020. The results demonstrated that although online contacts help to reduce feelings of loneliness, people who feel more lonely are less likely to use that strategy. Solidarity played only a small role in shaping feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Thus, it seems we must look beyond the current focus on online contact and solidarity to help people address feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Finally, online contacts did not function as a substitute for face-to-face contacts outside the home—in fact, more frequent online contact in earlier weeks predicted more frequent face-to-face contacts in later weeks. As such, this work provides relevant insights into how individuals manage the impact of restrictions on their social lives.

AB - We examine how social contacts and feelings of solidarity shape experiences of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020. From the PsyCorona database, we obtained longitudinal data from 23 countries, collected between March and May 2020. The results demonstrated that although online contacts help to reduce feelings of loneliness, people who feel more lonely are less likely to use that strategy. Solidarity played only a small role in shaping feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Thus, it seems we must look beyond the current focus on online contact and solidarity to help people address feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Finally, online contacts did not function as a substitute for face-to-face contacts outside the home—in fact, more frequent online contact in earlier weeks predicted more frequent face-to-face contacts in later weeks. As such, this work provides relevant insights into how individuals manage the impact of restrictions on their social lives.

KW - COVID-19

KW - loneliness

KW - longitudinal methodology

KW - online communication

KW - solidarity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113662226&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1177/01461672211036602

DO - 10.1177/01461672211036602

M3 - Journal Article (refereed)

C2 - 34433352

SN - 0146-1672

VL - 48

SP - 1315

EP - 1330

JO - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

JF - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

IS - 9

M1 - 014616722110366

ER -

VAN BREEN JA, KUTLACA M, KOÇ Y, JERONIMUS BF, REITSEMA AM, JOVANOVIĆ V et al. Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2022 Sept 1;48(9):1315-1330. 014616722110366. Epub 2021 Aug 25. doi: 10.1177/01461672211036602

Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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