MXene在锌离子电池中的应用 : 研究进展与展望

可充电锌离子电池(ZIBs)以其低成本、固有安全性、高比能量和环保特性而在大规模储能领域中引起了极大的关注。尽管对ZIBs的正极、负极以及电解质的研究不断取得突破, ZIBs的实际性能仍难以达到实用化的要求, 关键在于缺少先进材料的开发。MXene作为一种新型的二维材料, 具有各种优异的特性包括丰富的原料、可定制的结构和独特的理化特性。二维(2D)MXene在ZIBs中的应用已经取得了重大进展。本文简要总结了用于ZIBs的MXene的多种合成路线、MXene的环境稳定性、形态和结构特征以及化学性质的进展; 详细阐述了MXene基阴极、阳极和电解质/隔膜的最新发展, 丰富的成果表明MXene材料具有实现高性能ZIBs的巨大潜力; 归纳探讨了增强基于MXene的 ZIBs性能的策略, 包括离子插层调控、表面接枝修饰、杂原子掺杂、层间距拓宽等; 最后, 提出了基于MXene的ZIBs面临的挑战, 展望了未来前景, 旨在为开发实用化MXene基储能器件指明方向。

Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have captured significant attention as promising solutions for large-scale energy storage. They offer advantages such as low cost, inherent safety, high specific energy, and eco-friendliness. Though numerous breakthroughs have been achieved in the development of cathodes, anodes and electrolytes, ZIBs are still far behind for practical application due to the lack of advanced materials. In the realm of ZIBs, two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have emerged as a fascinating candidate, leveraging their exceptional properties such as high richness, customizability, and unique physiochemical attributes. This review aims to provide a concise overview of advancements in MXene application for ZIBs, encompassing multiple synthesis routes, properties, morphological and structural characteristics, as well as various chemistries employed. Furthermore, detailed elucidation is provided on the recent progress in MXene-based cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes/separators for ZIBs, indicating the great potential of MXenes for achieving high-performance ZIBs. Strategies to enhance the performance of MXene-based ZIBs are also highlighted, including ion-intercalation adjustment, surface modification, heteroatoms doping, and layer spacing widening. Lastly, the review discusses the current challenges and future prospects for MXene-based ZIBs, paving the way for further research and development in this exciting field.