Navigating Global Challenges Through Digital Transformation: An Interdisciplinary TOE-Based Analysis Using PLS-SEM and fsQCA

The digital age presents difficult challenges for companies worldwide, including technological upheaval, competition, and sustainable innovation. However, little is known on what drives organisations toward digital transformation (DT) adoption and the effect on performance of those efforts. This study utilises the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) model to assess the factors influencing technology usage intention and its effect on individual and business performance. This research employs a mixed-method approach combining PLS-SEM and fsQCA to capture both net and configurational effects. Data from 257 employees of a multinational firm showed that information quality, employee participation, and transformation method are significant predictors of usage intention, while management support, IT infrastructure, and DT-BP integration showed no significant effects. The fsQCA reveals four paths that integrate these factors to promote high usage intention, emphasising the importance of context and synergy in DT adoption. These complementary findings can help organisations deal with complex systemic challenges and endorse an interdisciplinary approach to DT adoption.