New record and enzyme activity of four species in Penicillium section Citrina from marine environments in Korea

Several strains of Penicillium section Citrina were isolated during a survey of fungi from marine environments along the southern coast of Korea. Based on multigene phylogenetic analyses (β-tubulin and calmodulin) and morphological characteristics, the 11 strains were identified as P. citrinum , P. hetheringtonii , P. paxilli , P. sumatrense , P. terrigenum , and P. westlingii . To understand the ecological role of these species, we tested all strains for extracellular enzyme activity; six strains representing four species showed β-glucosidase activity. Four of the identified species — P. hetheringtonii , P. paxilli , P. terrigenum , and P. westlingii — are new records for Korea. For these new species records, we describe morphological characteristics of the strains and compare results to published data of type strains.