Real-time visualized battery health monitoring sensor with piezoelectric/pyroelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) and thin film transistor array by in-situ poling

Monitoring the health of lithium-ion batteries is extremely important as it can significantly improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries. In the present work, a novel lithium-ion battery health monitoring sensor array is prepared using piezoelectric/pyroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) and a thin-film transistor array by in-situ poling. Compared to the present technology that uses the characteristic parameters such as output voltage or internal resistance to predict the health state of lithium-ion batteries, the prepared sensor array can simultaneously realize the direct and real-time response and location of the dynamical mechanical and thermal damage, and can visualize and locate the quasi-static mechanical damage of the lithium-ion battery during its entire service life. Thus, the novel sensor array may provide sufficient advance warning of battery failure and enable more convenient replacement of damaged batteries, endowing it with immense potential for improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries.