在文化领域为南人争一席之地 : 谈沈约的名山事业

在抒情小賦史上，寫《某居賦》形成一個小傳統，往往抒發作者退隱和恬適的心情，當然因人而異，其內在情感是十分微妙和複雜的，值得作一個通貫性的考察。在上述視角觀照下，時值中國南朝時期，以沈約（441——513）為代表的南方土著文化名士，和來自北方的高門士族如王謝子弟之間，一直存在著激烈的較量、競爭關係，其間也透露著本土和外來勢力之消長沉浮。而憑藉沈約的《郊居賦》與前輩謝靈運（385——433）之《山居賦》之比較研究，恰好可以揭示沈約文史創作及追求不朽的內心世界，他不甘於受北人之壓制，在政治、經濟、精神、文化、學術及文學諸方面，均表達了南人要為自己爭取權益之心聲！

此文一大貢獻在於就沈約所謂“三吳”地理概念，初步釐定了六朝之江南核心區域究竟何所指，其實它正是現在的環太湖流域，或者大致長江三角洲範圍，此文為如今江南研究提供了獨到的見解。<Eng>In the history of short lyrical rhapsody (shuqing xiaofu 抒情小賦), rhapsodies on dwelling in certain places formed a small tradition. This type of rhapsody often expresses the author’s reclusive yet happy moods, though it certainly varied from person to person. Its inner emotion is very subtle and complicated, which deserves a coherent investigation. Under the perspective mentioned above, during the Southern Dynasties in China, the native southern literati represented by Shen Yue 沈約 (441-513) and northern aristocratic families, such as Wang 王 and Xie 謝clans, always engaged in a fierce competition. Their relationship also revealed the ebb and flow of power among local and external forces. The comparative study of Shen Yue’s “Rhapsody on the Suburban Estate” (“Jiaoju fu” 郊居賦) and his predecessor Xie Lingyun’s 謝靈運 (385-433) “Rhapsody on the Mountain Residence” (“Shanju fu” 山居賦) can just reveal Shen’s literary and historical composition and the inner world of pursuing immortality. He was not willing to be suppressed by the northerners. His various works demonstrate and express the voice of southerners fighting for their own rights in different fields, such as politics, economy, spirit, culture, scholarship, and literature. One of the major contributions of this article is to determine what the central zone of the Jiangnan 江南 in the Six Dynasties referred to in discussing Shen Yue’s the geographic concept of so-called “San Wu” 三吳. In fact, this central zone is now the Taihu Lake 太湖basin, or roughly the Yangtze River Delta. This article provides a unique insight on the Jiangnan research.