Subjective-Objective Sleep Discrepancy in Schizophrenia

Ka-Fai CHUNG, Yvonne Patricia Yuan-Ping POON, Ting-Kin NG, Chui-Kwan KAN

Research output: Journal PublicationsJournal Article (refereed)peer-review

16 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective/Background: Subjective methods are often employed for sleep assessment due to their ease of use, but the results may not concur with objective findings. This discrepancy may be present in schizophrenia; however, limited data are available. We performed a secondary analysis to evaluate the agreement between 1-week actigraphy and sleep diary-derived parameters and factors that contribute to subjective-objective sleep discrepancy. Participants: 66 outpatients with schizophrenia (mean age = 44.08 years; 45.45% males). Methods: Agreement between subjective-objective parameters was assessed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and Bland-Altman plot. The magnitude of discrepancy was quantified using Cohen’s d. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the significant factors of subjective-objective sleep discrepancy. Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment was performed to account for multiple testing. Results: On average, sleep diaries overestimated sleep onset latency by 20.45 min, total sleep time by 37.63 min, and sleep efficiency by 4.29%, but underestimated wake after sleep onset by 33.28 min. Cohen’s d ranged between 0.61 and 1.41. Subjective-objective discrepancies were significantly associated with marital and employment status, self-reported sleep disturbance, delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, chronotype, and psychosocial functioning (r = 0.32–0.44; Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p < .05). Conclusions: Our findings show that differences between subjective and objective measurements of sleep are present in schizophrenia. Although actigraphy is not a standard procedure for sleep disturbance in schizophrenia, clinical judgment should be used if patients are suspected to have overestimated their sleep difficulties. Further studies should examine whether feedback based on actigraphy can benefit patients with schizophrenia and comorbid sleep disturbances.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)653-667
Number of pages15
JournalBehavioral Sleep Medicine
Volume18
Issue number5
Early online date19 Aug 2019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2 Sept 2020

Bibliographical note

Ethical Approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Ethical Committee Permission: Institutional Review Board of the Hospital Authority Hong Kong East Cluster reference number HKEC-2016-049.

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