Abstract
The idea of QUAD was first put forward by then Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2007. The initiative wanted to bring the four major democracies under the concept of confluence of two seas for a rule based region. This was followed by the first informal meeting between the leaders of QUAD nations on the sideline of ASEAN regional forum in Manila 2007. However, the longevity of the initiative was very short lived as all the nations had their respective strategic outlook during that period.
| Original language | English |
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| Specialist publication | Indian Defence Review |
| Publication status | Published - 20 May 2021 |