The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence

Veljko JOVANOVIĆ; Maksim RUDNEV; Mohamed ABDELRAHMAN; Nor Ba'yah ABDUL KADIR; Damilola Fisayo ADEBAYO; Plamen AKALIYSKI; Rana ALASEEL; Yousuf Abdulqader ALKAMALI; Luz Marina ALONSO PALACIO; Azzam AMIN; Andrii ANDRES; Alireza ANSARI-MOGHADDAM; John Jamir ARUTA; Hrant M. AVANESYAN; Norzihan AYUB; Maria BACIKOVA-SLESKOVA; Raushan BAIKANOVA; Batoul BAKKAR; Sunčica BARTOLUCI; David BENITEZ; Ivanna BODNAR; Aidos BOLATOV; Judyta BORCHET; Ksenija BOSNAR; Yunier BROCHE-PÉREZ; Carmen BUZEA; Rosalinda CASSIBBA; Maria DEL PILAR GRAZIOSO; Sandesh DHAKAL; Radosveta DIMITROVA; Alejandra DOMINGUEZ; Cong Doanh DUONG; Luciana DUTRA THOME; Arune Joao ESTAVELA; Emmanuel Abiodun FAYANKINNU; Nelli FERENCZI; Regina FERNÁNDEZ-MORALES; Maria-Therese FRIEHS; Jorge GAETE; Wassim GHARZ EDINE; Shahar GINDI; Rubia Carla GIORDANI; Biljana GJONESKA; Juan Carlos GODOY; Camellia Doncheva HANCHEVA; Given HAPUNDA; Shogo HIHARA; Md. Saiful ISLAM; Anna JANOVSKÁ; Nino JAVAKHISHVILI; Russell Sarwar KABIR; Amir KABUNGA; Arzu KARAKULAK; Johannes Alfons KARL; Darko KATOVIĆ; Zhumaly KAUYZBAY; Maria KAŹMIERCZAK; Richa KHANNA; Meetu KHOSLA; Peter KISAAKYE; Martina KLICPEROVA-BAKER; Richman KOKERA; Ana KOZINA; Steven E. KRAUSS; Rodrigo LANDABUR; Katharina LEFRINGHAUSEN; Aleksandra LEWANDOWSKA-WALTER; Yun-Hsia LIANG; Danny LIZARZABURU-AGUINAGA; Lorena Cecilia LÓPEZ STEINMETZ; Ana MAKASHVILI; Sadia MALIK; Denisse MANRIQUE-MILLONES; Marta MARTÍN-CARBONELL; Maria Angela MATTAR YUNES; Breeda MCGRATH; Enkeleint A. MECHILI; Marinés MEJÍA ALVAREZ; Samson MHIZHA; Justyna MICHAŁEK-KWIECIEŃ; Sushanta Kumar MISHRA; Mahdi MOHAMMADI; Fatema MOHSEN; Rodrigo MORETA-HERRERA; Maria D. MURADYAN; Pasquale MUSSO; Andrej NATERER; Arash NEMAT; Félix NETO; Joana NETO; Hassan OKATI-ALIABAD; Carlos Iván ORELLANA; Ligia ORELLANA; Joonha PARK; Iuliia PAVLOVA; Eddy Alfonso PERALTA; Petro PETRYTSA; Rasa PILKAUSKAITE VALICKIENE; Saša  PIŠOT; Iva POLÁČKOVÁ ŠOLCOVÁ; Franjo PROT; Gordana RISTEVSKA DIMITROVSKA; Rita M. RIVERA; Benedicta Prihatin Dwi RIYANTI; Mohd Saiful Husain SAIFUL; Adil SAMEKIN; Telman SEISEMBEKOV; Danielius SERAPINAS; Zahra SHARAFI; Prerna SHARMA; Shanu SHUKLA; Fabiola SILLETTI; Katarzyna SKRZYPIŃSKA; Vanessa SMITH-CASTRO; Olga SOLOMONTOS-KOUNTOURI; Adrian STANCIU; Delia ŞTEFENEL; Maria STOFIANNI; Jaimee STUART; Mst Sadia SULTANA; Dijana SULEJMANOVIĆ; Angela Oktavia SURYANI; Ergyul TAIR; Lucy TAVITIAN-ELMADJIAN; Fitim UKA; Guilherme Welter WENDT; Pei-Jung YANG; Ebrar YILDIRIM; Yue YU

doi:10.1037/pas0001270

The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence

Veljko JOVANOVIĆ^*, Maksim RUDNEV, Mohamed ABDELRAHMAN, Nor Ba'yah ABDUL KADIR, Damilola Fisayo ADEBAYO, Plamen AKALIYSKI, Rana ALASEEL, Yousuf Abdulqader ALKAMALI, Luz Marina ALONSO PALACIO, Azzam AMIN, Andrii ANDRES, Alireza ANSARI-MOGHADDAM, John Jamir ARUTA, Hrant M. AVANESYAN, Norzihan AYUB, Maria BACIKOVA-SLESKOVA, Raushan BAIKANOVA, Batoul BAKKAR, Sunčica BARTOLUCI, David BENITEZIvanna BODNAR, Aidos BOLATOV, Judyta BORCHET, Ksenija BOSNAR, Yunier BROCHE-PÉREZ, Carmen BUZEA, Rosalinda CASSIBBA, Maria DEL PILAR GRAZIOSO, Sandesh DHAKAL, Radosveta DIMITROVA, Alejandra DOMINGUEZ, Cong Doanh DUONG, Luciana DUTRA THOME, Arune Joao ESTAVELA, Emmanuel Abiodun FAYANKINNU, Nelli FERENCZI, Regina FERNÁNDEZ-MORALES, Maria-Therese FRIEHS, Jorge GAETE, Wassim GHARZ EDINE, Shahar GINDI, Rubia Carla GIORDANI, Biljana GJONESKA, Juan Carlos GODOY, Camellia Doncheva HANCHEVA, Given HAPUNDA, Shogo HIHARA, Md. Saiful ISLAM, Anna JANOVSKÁ, Nino JAVAKHISHVILI, Russell Sarwar KABIR, Amir KABUNGA, Arzu KARAKULAK, Johannes Alfons KARL, Darko KATOVIĆ, Zhumaly KAUYZBAY, Maria KAŹMIERCZAK, Richa KHANNA, Meetu KHOSLA, Peter KISAAKYE, Martina KLICPEROVA-BAKER, Richman KOKERA, Ana KOZINA, Steven E. KRAUSS, Rodrigo LANDABUR, Katharina LEFRINGHAUSEN, Aleksandra LEWANDOWSKA-WALTER, Yun-Hsia LIANG, Danny LIZARZABURU-AGUINAGA, Lorena Cecilia LÓPEZ STEINMETZ, Ana MAKASHVILI, Sadia MALIK, Denisse MANRIQUE-MILLONES, Marta MARTÍN-CARBONELL, Maria Angela MATTAR YUNES, Breeda MCGRATH, Enkeleint A. MECHILI, Marinés MEJÍA ALVAREZ, Samson MHIZHA, Justyna MICHAŁEK-KWIECIEŃ, Sushanta Kumar MISHRA, Mahdi MOHAMMADI, Fatema MOHSEN, Rodrigo MORETA-HERRERA, Maria D. MURADYAN, Pasquale MUSSO, Andrej NATERER, Arash NEMAT, Félix NETO, Joana NETO, Hassan OKATI-ALIABAD, Carlos Iván ORELLANA, Ligia ORELLANA, Joonha PARK, Iuliia PAVLOVA, Eddy Alfonso PERALTA, Petro PETRYTSA, Rasa PILKAUSKAITE VALICKIENE, Saša PIŠOT, Iva POLÁČKOVÁ ŠOLCOVÁ, Franjo PROT, Gordana RISTEVSKA DIMITROVSKA, Rita M. RIVERA, Benedicta Prihatin Dwi RIYANTI, Mohd Saiful Husain SAIFUL, Adil SAMEKIN, Telman SEISEMBEKOV, Danielius SERAPINAS, Zahra SHARAFI, Prerna SHARMA, Shanu SHUKLA, Fabiola SILLETTI, Katarzyna SKRZYPIŃSKA, Vanessa SMITH-CASTRO, Olga SOLOMONTOS-KOUNTOURI, Adrian STANCIU, Delia ŞTEFENEL, Maria STOFIANNI, Jaimee STUART, Mst Sadia SULTANA, Dijana SULEJMANOVIĆ, Angela Oktavia SURYANI, Ergyul TAIR, Lucy TAVITIAN-ELMADJIAN, Fitim UKA, Guilherme Welter WENDT, Pei-Jung YANG, Ebrar YILDIRIM, Yue YU

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Sociology and Social Policy

Research output: Journal Publications › Journal Article (refereed) › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries ( N total = 21,513), we examined the CAS's measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting noninvariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	14-29
Number of pages	16
Journal	Psychological Assessment
Volume	36
Issue number	1
Early online date	27 Nov 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001270
Publication status	Published - 16 Feb 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Psychological Association

Funding

The work of Marta Martín-Carbonell was supported by the Cooperative University of Colombia, Grant INV3092. The work of Jorge Gaete was supported by Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo—Millennium Science Initiative Program, Grant NCS2021_081. The work of Adrian Stanciu was supported by GESIS—Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences. The work of Shanu Shukla, Martina Klicperova-Baker, and Iva Poláčková Šolcová was supported by Národní plán obnovy (NPO) “Systemic Risk Institute,” Grant LX22NPO5101, funded by the European Union—Next Generation European Union (Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports, NPO: EXCELES). The work of Hrant M. Avanesyan was supported by the financial support of the RA Science Committee, Project 21T-5A203. The work of Breeda McGrath was supported by American Psychological Association Division 48, Small Grants Program. The work of Judyta Borchet was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science, Scholarship START 006.2022. The work of Rubia Carla Formighieri Giordani was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/CNPq), Project 401749/2022-3. The authors have no known conflicts of interest to disclose.

Keywords

coronavirus anxiety
measurement invariance
alignment
validity
culture

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1037/pas0001270

Cite this

JOVANOVIĆ, V., RUDNEV, M., ABDELRAHMAN, M., ABDUL KADIR, N. B., ADEBAYO, D. F., AKALIYSKI, P., ALASEEL, R., ALKAMALI, Y. A., ALONSO PALACIO, L. M., AMIN, A., ANDRES, A., ANSARI-MOGHADDAM, A., ARUTA, J. J., AVANESYAN, H. M., AYUB, N., BACIKOVA-SLESKOVA, M., BAIKANOVA, R., BAKKAR, B., BARTOLUCI, S., ... YU, Y. (2024). The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence. Psychological Assessment, 36(1), 14-29. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001270

@article{edc2c7c8ce9d4c4fa2a9cbe8c242e0d9,

title = "The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence",

abstract = "Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries ( N total = 21,513), we examined the CAS's measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting noninvariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved). ",

keywords = "coronavirus anxiety, measurement invariance, alignment, validity, culture",

author = "Veljko JOVANOVI{\'C} and Maksim RUDNEV and Mohamed ABDELRAHMAN and {ABDUL KADIR}, {Nor Ba'yah} and ADEBAYO, {Damilola Fisayo} and Plamen AKALIYSKI and Rana ALASEEL and ALKAMALI, {Yousuf Abdulqader} and {ALONSO PALACIO}, {Luz Marina} and Azzam AMIN and Andrii ANDRES and Alireza ANSARI-MOGHADDAM and ARUTA, {John Jamir} and AVANESYAN, {Hrant M.} and Norzihan AYUB and Maria BACIKOVA-SLESKOVA and Raushan BAIKANOVA and Batoul BAKKAR and Sun{\v c}ica BARTOLUCI and David BENITEZ and Ivanna BODNAR and Aidos BOLATOV and Judyta BORCHET and Ksenija BOSNAR and Yunier BROCHE-P{\'E}REZ and Carmen BUZEA and Rosalinda CASSIBBA and {DEL PILAR GRAZIOSO}, Maria and Sandesh DHAKAL and Radosveta DIMITROVA and Alejandra DOMINGUEZ and DUONG, {Cong Doanh} and {DUTRA THOME}, Luciana and ESTAVELA, {Arune Joao} and FAYANKINNU, {Emmanuel Abiodun} and Nelli FERENCZI and Regina FERN{\'A}NDEZ-MORALES and Maria-Therese FRIEHS and Jorge GAETE and {GHARZ EDINE}, Wassim and Shahar GINDI and GIORDANI, {Rubia Carla} and Biljana GJONESKA and GODOY, {Juan Carlos} and HANCHEVA, {Camellia Doncheva} and Given HAPUNDA and Shogo HIHARA and ISLAM, {Md. Saiful} and Anna JANOVSK{\'A} and Nino JAVAKHISHVILI and KABIR, {Russell Sarwar} and Amir KABUNGA and Arzu KARAKULAK and KARL, {Johannes Alfons} and Darko KATOVI{\'C} and Zhumaly KAUYZBAY and Maria KA{\'Z}MIERCZAK and Richa KHANNA and Meetu KHOSLA and Peter KISAAKYE and Martina KLICPEROVA-BAKER and Richman KOKERA and Ana KOZINA and KRAUSS, {Steven E.} and Rodrigo LANDABUR and Katharina LEFRINGHAUSEN and Aleksandra LEWANDOWSKA-WALTER and Yun-Hsia LIANG and Danny LIZARZABURU-AGUINAGA and {L{\'O}PEZ STEINMETZ}, {Lorena Cecilia} and Ana MAKASHVILI and Sadia MALIK and Denisse MANRIQUE-MILLONES and Marta MART{\'I}N-CARBONELL and {MATTAR YUNES}, {Maria Angela} and Breeda MCGRATH and MECHILI, {Enkeleint A.} and {MEJ{\'I}A ALVAREZ}, Marin{\'e}s and Samson MHIZHA and Justyna MICHA{\L}EK-KWIECIE{\'N} and MISHRA, {Sushanta Kumar} and Mahdi MOHAMMADI and Fatema MOHSEN and Rodrigo MORETA-HERRERA and MURADYAN, {Maria D.} and Pasquale MUSSO and Andrej NATERER and Arash NEMAT and F{\'e}lix NETO and Joana NETO and Hassan OKATI-ALIABAD and ORELLANA, {Carlos Iv{\'a}n} and Ligia ORELLANA and Joonha PARK and Iuliia PAVLOVA and PERALTA, {Eddy Alfonso} and Petro PETRYTSA and {PILKAUSKAITE VALICKIENE}, Rasa and Sa{\v s}a PI{\v S}OT and {POL{\'A}{\v C}KOV{\'A} {\v S}OLCOV{\'A}}, Iva and Franjo PROT and {RISTEVSKA DIMITROVSKA}, Gordana and RIVERA, {Rita M.} and RIYANTI, {Benedicta Prihatin Dwi} and SAIFUL, {Mohd Saiful Husain} and Adil SAMEKIN and Telman SEISEMBEKOV and Danielius SERAPINAS and Zahra SHARAFI and Prerna SHARMA and Shanu SHUKLA and Fabiola SILLETTI and Katarzyna SKRZYPI{\'N}SKA and Vanessa SMITH-CASTRO and Olga SOLOMONTOS-KOUNTOURI and Adrian STANCIU and Delia {\c S}TEFENEL and Maria STOFIANNI and Jaimee STUART and SULTANA, {Mst Sadia} and Dijana SULEJMANOVI{\'C} and SURYANI, {Angela Oktavia} and Ergyul TAIR and Lucy TAVITIAN-ELMADJIAN and Fitim UKA and WENDT, {Guilherme Welter} and Pei-Jung YANG and Ebrar YILDIRIM and Yue YU",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 American Psychological Association",

year = "2024",

month = feb,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1037/pas0001270",

language = "English",

volume = "36",

pages = "14--29",

journal = "Psychological Assessment",

issn = "1040-3590",

publisher = "American Psychological Association",

number = "1",

}

JOVANOVIĆ, V, RUDNEV, M, ABDELRAHMAN, M, ABDUL KADIR, NB, ADEBAYO, DF, AKALIYSKI, P, ALASEEL, R, ALKAMALI, YA, ALONSO PALACIO, LM, AMIN, A, ANDRES, A, ANSARI-MOGHADDAM, A, ARUTA, JJ, AVANESYAN, HM, AYUB, N, BACIKOVA-SLESKOVA, M, BAIKANOVA, R, BAKKAR, B, BARTOLUCI, S, BENITEZ, D, BODNAR, I, BOLATOV, A, BORCHET, J, BOSNAR, K, BROCHE-PÉREZ, Y, BUZEA, C, CASSIBBA, R, DEL PILAR GRAZIOSO, M, DHAKAL, S, DIMITROVA, R, DOMINGUEZ, A, DUONG, CD, DUTRA THOME, L, ESTAVELA, AJ, FAYANKINNU, EA, FERENCZI, N, FERNÁNDEZ-MORALES, R, FRIEHS, M-T, GAETE, J, GHARZ EDINE, W, GINDI, S, GIORDANI, RC, GJONESKA, B, GODOY, JC, HANCHEVA, CD, HAPUNDA, G, HIHARA, S, ISLAM, MS, JANOVSKÁ, A, JAVAKHISHVILI, N, KABIR, RS, KABUNGA, A, KARAKULAK, A, KARL, JA, KATOVIĆ, D, KAUYZBAY, Z, KAŹMIERCZAK, M, KHANNA, R, KHOSLA, M, KISAAKYE, P, KLICPEROVA-BAKER, M, KOKERA, R, KOZINA, A, KRAUSS, SE, LANDABUR, R, LEFRINGHAUSEN, K, LEWANDOWSKA-WALTER, A, LIANG, Y-H, LIZARZABURU-AGUINAGA, D, LÓPEZ STEINMETZ, LC, MAKASHVILI, A, MALIK, S, MANRIQUE-MILLONES, D, MARTÍN-CARBONELL, M, MATTAR YUNES, MA, MCGRATH, B, MECHILI, EA, MEJÍA ALVAREZ, M, MHIZHA, S, MICHAŁEK-KWIECIEŃ, J, MISHRA, SK, MOHAMMADI, M, MOHSEN, F, MORETA-HERRERA, R, MURADYAN, MD, MUSSO, P, NATERER, A, NEMAT, A, NETO, F, NETO, J, OKATI-ALIABAD, H, ORELLANA, CI, ORELLANA, L, PARK, J, PAVLOVA, I, PERALTA, EA, PETRYTSA, P, PILKAUSKAITE VALICKIENE, R, PIŠOT, S, POLÁČKOVÁ ŠOLCOVÁ, I, PROT, F, RISTEVSKA DIMITROVSKA, G, RIVERA, RM, RIYANTI, BPD, SAIFUL, MSH, SAMEKIN, A, SEISEMBEKOV, T, SERAPINAS, D, SHARAFI, Z, SHARMA, P, SHUKLA, S, SILLETTI, F, SKRZYPIŃSKA, K, SMITH-CASTRO, V, SOLOMONTOS-KOUNTOURI, O, STANCIU, A, ŞTEFENEL, D, STOFIANNI, M, STUART, J, SULTANA, MS, SULEJMANOVIĆ, D, SURYANI, AO, TAIR, E, TAVITIAN-ELMADJIAN, L, UKA, F, WENDT, GW, YANG, P-J, YILDIRIM, E & YU, Y 2024, 'The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence', Psychological Assessment, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 14-29. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001270

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence

AU - JOVANOVIĆ, Veljko

AU - RUDNEV, Maksim

AU - ABDELRAHMAN, Mohamed

AU - ABDUL KADIR, Nor Ba'yah

AU - ADEBAYO, Damilola Fisayo

AU - AKALIYSKI, Plamen

AU - ALASEEL, Rana

AU - ALKAMALI, Yousuf Abdulqader

AU - ALONSO PALACIO, Luz Marina

AU - AMIN, Azzam

AU - ANDRES, Andrii

AU - ANSARI-MOGHADDAM, Alireza

AU - ARUTA, John Jamir

AU - AVANESYAN, Hrant M.

AU - AYUB, Norzihan

AU - BACIKOVA-SLESKOVA, Maria

AU - BAIKANOVA, Raushan

AU - BAKKAR, Batoul

AU - BARTOLUCI, Sunčica

AU - BENITEZ, David

AU - BODNAR, Ivanna

AU - BOLATOV, Aidos

AU - BORCHET, Judyta

AU - BOSNAR, Ksenija

AU - BROCHE-PÉREZ, Yunier

AU - BUZEA, Carmen

AU - CASSIBBA, Rosalinda

AU - DEL PILAR GRAZIOSO, Maria

AU - DHAKAL, Sandesh

AU - DIMITROVA, Radosveta

AU - DOMINGUEZ, Alejandra

AU - DUONG, Cong Doanh

AU - DUTRA THOME, Luciana

AU - ESTAVELA, Arune Joao

AU - FAYANKINNU, Emmanuel Abiodun

AU - FERENCZI, Nelli

AU - FERNÁNDEZ-MORALES, Regina

AU - FRIEHS, Maria-Therese

AU - GAETE, Jorge

AU - GHARZ EDINE, Wassim

AU - GINDI, Shahar

AU - GIORDANI, Rubia Carla

AU - GJONESKA, Biljana

AU - GODOY, Juan Carlos

AU - HANCHEVA, Camellia Doncheva

AU - HAPUNDA, Given

AU - HIHARA, Shogo

AU - ISLAM, Md. Saiful

AU - JANOVSKÁ, Anna

AU - JAVAKHISHVILI, Nino

AU - KABIR, Russell Sarwar

AU - KABUNGA, Amir

AU - KARAKULAK, Arzu

AU - KARL, Johannes Alfons

AU - KATOVIĆ, Darko

AU - KAUYZBAY, Zhumaly

AU - KAŹMIERCZAK, Maria

AU - KHANNA, Richa

AU - KHOSLA, Meetu

AU - KISAAKYE, Peter

AU - KLICPEROVA-BAKER, Martina

AU - KOKERA, Richman

AU - KOZINA, Ana

AU - KRAUSS, Steven E.

AU - LANDABUR, Rodrigo

AU - LEFRINGHAUSEN, Katharina

AU - LEWANDOWSKA-WALTER, Aleksandra

AU - LIANG, Yun-Hsia

AU - LIZARZABURU-AGUINAGA, Danny

AU - LÓPEZ STEINMETZ, Lorena Cecilia

AU - MAKASHVILI, Ana

AU - MALIK, Sadia

AU - MANRIQUE-MILLONES, Denisse

AU - MARTÍN-CARBONELL, Marta

AU - MATTAR YUNES, Maria Angela

AU - MCGRATH, Breeda

AU - MECHILI, Enkeleint A.

AU - MEJÍA ALVAREZ, Marinés

AU - MHIZHA, Samson

AU - MICHAŁEK-KWIECIEŃ, Justyna

AU - MISHRA, Sushanta Kumar

AU - MOHAMMADI, Mahdi

AU - MOHSEN, Fatema

AU - MORETA-HERRERA, Rodrigo

AU - MURADYAN, Maria D.

AU - MUSSO, Pasquale

AU - NATERER, Andrej

AU - NEMAT, Arash

AU - NETO, Félix

AU - NETO, Joana

AU - OKATI-ALIABAD, Hassan

AU - ORELLANA, Carlos Iván

AU - ORELLANA, Ligia

AU - PARK, Joonha

AU - PAVLOVA, Iuliia

AU - PERALTA, Eddy Alfonso

AU - PETRYTSA, Petro

AU - PILKAUSKAITE VALICKIENE, Rasa

AU - PIŠOT, Saša

AU - POLÁČKOVÁ ŠOLCOVÁ, Iva

AU - PROT, Franjo

AU - RISTEVSKA DIMITROVSKA, Gordana

AU - RIVERA, Rita M.

AU - RIYANTI, Benedicta Prihatin Dwi

AU - SAIFUL, Mohd Saiful Husain

AU - SAMEKIN, Adil

AU - SEISEMBEKOV, Telman

AU - SERAPINAS, Danielius

AU - SHARAFI, Zahra

AU - SHARMA, Prerna

AU - SHUKLA, Shanu

AU - SILLETTI, Fabiola

AU - SKRZYPIŃSKA, Katarzyna

AU - SMITH-CASTRO, Vanessa

AU - SOLOMONTOS-KOUNTOURI, Olga

AU - STANCIU, Adrian

AU - ŞTEFENEL, Delia

AU - STOFIANNI, Maria

AU - STUART, Jaimee

AU - SULTANA, Mst Sadia

AU - SULEJMANOVIĆ, Dijana

AU - SURYANI, Angela Oktavia

AU - TAIR, Ergyul

AU - TAVITIAN-ELMADJIAN, Lucy

AU - UKA, Fitim

AU - WENDT, Guilherme Welter

AU - YANG, Pei-Jung

AU - YILDIRIM, Ebrar

AU - YU, Yue

PY - 2024/2/16

Y1 - 2024/2/16

N2 - Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries ( N total = 21,513), we examined the CAS's measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting noninvariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

AB - Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries ( N total = 21,513), we examined the CAS's measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting noninvariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

KW - coronavirus anxiety

KW - measurement invariance

KW - alignment

KW - validity

KW - culture

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85181545427&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1037/pas0001270

DO - 10.1037/pas0001270

M3 - Journal Article (refereed)

C2 - 38010780

SN - 1040-3590

VL - 36

SP - 14

EP - 29

JO - Psychological Assessment

JF - Psychological Assessment

IS - 1

ER -

The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence

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