The role of Idir as social capital in Ethiopia with a focus on contributions, challenges and changing dynamics in Addis Ababa

This research examines the shifting role of Idir, a traditional social institution in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, focusing on its contributions to community welfare and the challenges it encounters in a modern context. A qualitative methodology was employed, gathering data through in-depth and key informant interviews and focus group discussions to capture diverse perspectives. The study highlights that Idir serves as a vital support system, offering mutual aid during times of bereavement, weddings, and emergencies. It provides cost-effective services that alleviate financial burdens often unmet by formal institutions while fostering emotional support and communal resilience. These contributions underscore Idir’s integral role in enhancing social solidarity within communities. Nonetheless, the research identifies persistent challenges, such as limited financial resources, outdated tools, insufficient government support, and occasional inefficiencies in resource management. Despite these obstacles, Idirs have demonstrated adaptability, initiating small-scale enterprises to assist vulnerable populations, including the elderly and individuals affected by illness. They have also raised awareness on key social issues, such as HIV/AIDS, with members proposing expanded functions, including microloans, as resources permit. To safeguard the continued relevance and effectiveness of Idir, the study underscores the need for strengthened collaboration among community members, governmental bodies, and other stakeholders. Such partnerships are essential for addressing challenges and ensuring the institution’s long-term sustainability in a changing societal landscape.