TOA-Based Passive Localization Constructed Over Factor Graphs : A Unified Framework

Weijie YUAN; Nan WU; Qinghua GUO; Xiaojing HUANG; Yonghui LI; Lajos HANZO

doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2930517

TOA-Based Passive Localization Constructed Over Factor Graphs : A Unified Framework

Weijie YUAN, Nan WU^*, Qinghua GUO, Xiaojing HUANG, Yonghui LI, Lajos HANZO

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications › Journal Article (refereed) › peer-review

66 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Passive localization based on time of arrival (TOA) measurements is investigated, where the transmitted signal is reflected by a passive target and then received at several distributed receivers. After collecting all measurements at receivers, we can determine the target location. The aim of this paper is to provide a unified factor graph-based framework for passive localization in wireless sensor networks based on TOA measurements. Relying on the linearization of range measurements, we construct a Forney-style factor graph model and conceive the corresponding Gaussian message passing algorithm to obtain the target location. It is shown that the factor graph can be readily modified for handling challenging scenarios such as uncertain receiver positions and link failures. Moreover, a distributed localization method based on consensus-aided operation is proposed for a large-scale resource constrained network operating without a fusion center. Furthermore, we derive the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Our simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed unified approach and of its distributed implementation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	6952-6962
Number of pages	11
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Communications
Volume	67
Issue number	10
Early online date	23 Jul 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2930517
Publication status	Published - Oct 2019
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This work was supported by the “National Science Foundation of China (NSFC)” (Grant No.61471037, 61571041), “A Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of P. R. China (FANEDD)” (Grant No. 201445). L. Hanzo would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council projects EP/Noo4558/1, EP/PO34284/1, COALESCE, of the Royal Society’s Global Challenges Research Fund Grant as well as of the European Research Council’s Advanced Fellow Grant QuantCom.

Keywords

Consensus operation
Cramér-Rao bound
Distributed processing
Forney-style factor graph
Passive localization
Time of arrival
Wireless sensor networks

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10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2930517

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title = "TOA-Based Passive Localization Constructed Over Factor Graphs : A Unified Framework",

abstract = "Passive localization based on time of arrival (TOA) measurements is investigated, where the transmitted signal is reflected by a passive target and then received at several distributed receivers. After collecting all measurements at receivers, we can determine the target location. The aim of this paper is to provide a unified factor graph-based framework for passive localization in wireless sensor networks based on TOA measurements. Relying on the linearization of range measurements, we construct a Forney-style factor graph model and conceive the corresponding Gaussian message passing algorithm to obtain the target location. It is shown that the factor graph can be readily modified for handling challenging scenarios such as uncertain receiver positions and link failures. Moreover, a distributed localization method based on consensus-aided operation is proposed for a large-scale resource constrained network operating without a fusion center. Furthermore, we derive the Cram{\'e}r-Rao bound (CRB) to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Our simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed unified approach and of its distributed implementation.",

keywords = "Consensus operation, Cram{\'e}r-Rao bound, Distributed processing, Forney-style factor graph, Passive localization, Time of arrival, Wireless sensor networks",

author = "Weijie YUAN and Nan WU and Qinghua GUO and Xiaojing HUANG and Yonghui LI and Lajos HANZO",

year = "2019",

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AU - YUAN, Weijie

AU - WU, Nan

AU - GUO, Qinghua

AU - HUANG, Xiaojing

AU - LI, Yonghui

AU - HANZO, Lajos

PY - 2019/10

Y1 - 2019/10

N2 - Passive localization based on time of arrival (TOA) measurements is investigated, where the transmitted signal is reflected by a passive target and then received at several distributed receivers. After collecting all measurements at receivers, we can determine the target location. The aim of this paper is to provide a unified factor graph-based framework for passive localization in wireless sensor networks based on TOA measurements. Relying on the linearization of range measurements, we construct a Forney-style factor graph model and conceive the corresponding Gaussian message passing algorithm to obtain the target location. It is shown that the factor graph can be readily modified for handling challenging scenarios such as uncertain receiver positions and link failures. Moreover, a distributed localization method based on consensus-aided operation is proposed for a large-scale resource constrained network operating without a fusion center. Furthermore, we derive the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Our simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed unified approach and of its distributed implementation.

AB - Passive localization based on time of arrival (TOA) measurements is investigated, where the transmitted signal is reflected by a passive target and then received at several distributed receivers. After collecting all measurements at receivers, we can determine the target location. The aim of this paper is to provide a unified factor graph-based framework for passive localization in wireless sensor networks based on TOA measurements. Relying on the linearization of range measurements, we construct a Forney-style factor graph model and conceive the corresponding Gaussian message passing algorithm to obtain the target location. It is shown that the factor graph can be readily modified for handling challenging scenarios such as uncertain receiver positions and link failures. Moreover, a distributed localization method based on consensus-aided operation is proposed for a large-scale resource constrained network operating without a fusion center. Furthermore, we derive the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Our simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed unified approach and of its distributed implementation.

KW - Consensus operation

KW - Cramér-Rao bound

KW - Distributed processing

KW - Forney-style factor graph

KW - Passive localization

KW - Time of arrival

KW - Wireless sensor networks

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SN - 1558-0857

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JO - IEEE Transactions on Communications

JF - IEEE Transactions on Communications

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TOA-Based Passive Localization Constructed Over Factor Graphs : A Unified Framework

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Keywords

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